The paper "When Context Misleads: In-context Learning with Jurisdiction in Large Language Models" introduces FakeContextBench, a benchmark of pseudoscientific claims across seven domains to test large language models’ ability to judge whether contextual information should dictate the answer. Experiments show that both commercial and open‑source models struggle with context authority and that standard ICL fine‑tuning can worsen susceptibility to misleading context. The authors propose Jurisdiction In‑Context Learning (J‑ICL), a post‑training framework that adds context validation to the objective, which improves benchmark scores and reality accuracy by significant margins over baseline models.
By Pei-lin Li, Qingle Liu, Junyang Feng, Siyu Li, Sunqi Fan, Xin-Sheng Chen, Shuojin Yang
arXiv:2507. 04221v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce Context Tuning, a simple and effective method to significantly enhance few-shot adaptation of large language models (LLMs) without weight updates.
By Jack Lu, Ryan Teehan, Zhenbang Yang, Mengye Ren
arXiv:2604. 27660v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Many real-world tasks require language models (LMs) to reason over complex contexts that exceed their parametric knowledge.
By Shuzheng Si, Haozhe Zhao, Yu Lei, Qingyi Wang, Dingwei Chen, Zhitong Wang, Zhenhailong Wang, Kangyang Luo, Zheng Wang, Gang Chen, Fanchao Qi, Minjia Zhang, Maosong Sun
arXiv:2610.01054v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: In-context learning (ICL) enables language models to perform new tasks from demonstrations without weight updates. However, every ICL inference requi...
By Guangzhi Xiong, Zhenghao He, Bohan Liu, Sanchit Sinha, Wenqian Ye, Aidong Zhang
arXiv:2609.00759v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly handle in-context learning (ICL) tasks where a long, novel context defines the rules, knowledge, and output s...
By Jinhu Qi, Minda Hu, Wentao Zhang, Weiqiang Jin, Yanyu Chen, Junli Wang, Irwin King
arXiv:2607. 02575v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-language models can perform new tasks without parameter updates through in-context learning (ICL), whose core mechanism is utilizing the support set for task induction.
By Kaiyun Yang, Ruilin Yang, Zhimin Yao, J. Wang, Wei Ge
The study investigates how language models acquire in-context learning (ICL) by distinguishing between copying a nearby demonstration and integrating information across a prompt. Across 17 models, roughly one-third default to copied answers, a few are undecided, and the remainder favor rule-consistent answers that yield higher accuracy and are guided by the requested value rather than the nearest conflicting example. Analyses show that models prioritize task-relevant prompt tokens before accuracy surpasses chance, and that synthetic or fine-tuned training can shift models toward compositional responses or improve accuracy when prompts reassign label meanings.
By Minglai Yang, Xinyu Guo, Renxiong Wang, Sunjie Hou, Daniel Yue Zhang, Yunzhong He
arXiv:2606. 29407v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: There has been increasing interest in exploring the capabilities of advanced large language models (LLMs) in the field of information extraction (IE), specifically focusing on tasks related to named entity recognition (NER) and relation extraction (RE).
By Xiao You, Tianwei Yan, Shan Zhao
The article examines whether large language models (LLMs) can effectively use representations they learn in-context to perform downstream tasks. Experiments with open‑weight LLMs on next‑token prediction and a new adaptive world modeling task reveal that these models struggle to deploy novel semantics defined in-context, even when such semantics are encoded in their latent representations. The study also shows that state‑of‑the‑art closed‑source reasoning models similarly fail to reliably leverage in‑context patterns, highlighting a gap in flexible representation usage.
By Michael A. Lepori, Tal Linzen, Ann Yuan, Katja Filippova
arXiv:2608. 05813v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Personalizing language models (LMs) to individual user preferences is essential for aligning responses with diverse goals and backgrounds.
By Gihoon Kim, Jeyoung Lee, Suhan Woo, Sekwon Oh, Minsu Jeon, Hyounsoo Han, Euntai Kim
arXiv:2610.14574v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models to use demonstrations without updating their parameters. For interactive agents, demonstrations...
By Qingyue Zhang, Huaze Tang, Minyu Zhang, Yuxiang Yan, Wenbo Ding, Shao-Lun Huang
arXiv:2607. 09794v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Context learning is an emerging inference-time task where LLMs must learn and apply novel, task-specific knowledge from intricate contexts absent from pre-training; even frontier models score under 24% task success.
By Jike Zhong, Ming Li, Yuxiang Lai, Ziyan Yang, Jingyu Xie, Jihyung Kil, Zheda Mai, Shao-Yuan Lo, Ren Xiang, Konstantinos Psounis, Yuanyuan Lei