arXiv:2510. 01163v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The factors driving the performance of in-context learning (ICL) in large language models (LLMs) remain poorly understood despite ICL's surprising effectiveness, enabling models to adapt to new tasks from only a handful of examples.
By Wa\"iss Azizian, Ali Hasan
arXiv:2507. 01414v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce a new family of toy problems that combine features of linear-regression-style continuous in-context learning (ICL) with discrete associative recall.
By Sultan Daniels, Dylan Davis, Dhruv Gautam, Wentinn Liao, Gireeja Ranade, Anant Sahai
arXiv:2607. 22646v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) display a striking ability to predict next observations from Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) via in-context learning (ICL), but the algorithm underlying this capability remains undetermined: prior work has proposed several candidates without consensus, and none has been grounded in the model's internal activations.
By Yijia Dai, Zhaolin Gao, Yahya Sattar, Jennifer J. Sun, Sarah Dean
arXiv:2608. 12218v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models are increasingly trained and deployed with long contexts that span documents, code repositories, and interaction histories.
By Arda Uzunoglu, Benjamin van Durme, Daniel Khashabi
arXiv:2507. 04221v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce Context Tuning, a simple and effective method to significantly enhance few-shot adaptation of large language models (LLMs) without weight updates.
By Jack Lu, Ryan Teehan, Zhenbang Yang, Mengye Ren
arXiv:2608. 01672v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Effective long-context modeling is not merely about retaining more of the past, but about preserving the information that may prove relevant later.
By Zixuan Wang, Xingyu Dang, Rui-Jie Zhu, Zixin Wen, Hengyu Fu, Wenhao Chai, Jason D. Lee
arXiv:2607. 11614v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Extending the context length of large language models (LLMs) is critical for many real-world applications, yet standard transformers remain constrained by quadratic compute and linear memory scaling.
By Gleb Kuzmin, Ivan Rodkin, Aydar Bulatov, Yuri Kuratov, Lyudmila Rvanova, Mikhail Katkov, Ilia Sochenkov, Misha Tsodyks, Timothy Baldwin, Mikhail Burtsev, Artem Shelmanov
arXiv:2607. 06160v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Synthesizing long-context supervised fine-tuning (SFT) data is a scalable way to enhance the long-context understanding of large language models (LLMs), yet existing approaches share three limitations: narrow task coverage, insufficient instruction difficulty, and a lack of faithfulness supervision.
By Chenhao Yuan, Yinhao Xu, Shuwen Xu, Xizhi Yang, Jiaxiang Liu, Chenxi Zhou, Shaoping Huang, Haolin Ren, Pengfei Cao, Jun Zhao, Kang Liu
arXiv:2607. 04081v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a central capability of pretrained language models, yet its theoretical analysis has focused primarily on causal language models trained by left-to-right autoregressive prediction, such as GPT-style models.
By Chenrui Liu, Chuanlong Xie, Falong Tan, Yicheng Zeng, Lixing Zhu
arXiv:2507. 16003v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: One of the most striking features of Large Language Models (LLMs) is their ability to learn in-context.
By Benoit Dherin, Michael Munn, Hanna Mazzawi, Michael Wunder, Javier Gonzalvo
arXiv:2507. 18043v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Inference-time steering methods offer a lightweight alternative to fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) by modifying internal activations at test time without updating model weights.
By Duy Nguyen, Archiki Prasad, Elias Stengel-Eskin, Mohit Bansal
arXiv:2607. 07128v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language models perform a wide range of tasks at varying levels of abstraction with the capacity to flexibly infer tasks from context, execute multiple tasks simultaneously, and select among competing tasks.
By Maximilian S. Ernst (Max Planck School of Cognition, Center for Lifespan Psychology Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Machine Learning Group Technische Universit\"at Berlin), Lorenz Linhardt (Machine Learning Group Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data), Aaron Peikert (Center for Lifespan Psychology Max Planck Institute for Human Development), Oliver Eberle (Machine Learning Group Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data)