The paper introduces a causal‑penalized diffusion model for generating synthetic tabular data, arguing that high statistical fidelity does not guarantee accurate causal inference. It defines causal fidelity as the discrepancy between inferential distributions from real and synthetic data and proposes a training framework that adds a causal discrepancy penalty to the generative objective. Experiments on treatment‑effect simulations and benchmark datasets demonstrate that the method can improve causal fidelity while maintaining competitive statistical fidelity.
arXiv:2510.24046v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Existing tabular data generation methods primarily focus on matching statistical distributions between real and synthetic data, often overloo...
arXiv:2604. 23904v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Synthetic tabular data are often evaluated by distributional similarity, privacy distance, or train-on-synthetic-test-on-real predictive performance, but these criteria do not ensure validity for causal inference.
arXiv:2603. 10254v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Synthetic tabular data generation addresses data scarcity and privacy constraints in a variety of domains.
arXiv:2406. 08311v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Existing evaluations of tabular synthesis models rely primarily on low-order statistics and downstream task performance, leaving multivariate causal relationships that go beyond pairwise correlations largely unmeasured.
arXiv:2610.15699v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative modeling for tabular data has advanced to the point where models can synthesize realistic records, recover missing values, and generate sa...
CausalProfiler is a synthetic benchmark generator designed to evaluate causal machine learning (Causal ML) methods more rigorously and transparently. It randomly samples causal models, data, queries, and ground truths based on explicit design choices across observation, intervention, and counterfactual reasoning levels, providing coverage guarantees and transparent assumptions. The authors demonstrate its utility by testing several state‑of‑the‑art methods under diverse conditions, both within and outside the identification regime, highlighting the insights CausalProfiler can reveal.
arXiv:2609.14124v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Medical image analysis is often hindered by biased datasets, which can lead to biased models and limited clinical applicability. A promising strategy...
arXiv:2605. 01765v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Mediation analysis has traditionally focused on outcome-level summary contrasts, such as mean effects, which may obscure substantial distributional changes induced by complex and nonlinear causal mechanisms.
arXiv:2605.09424v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Generative modelling is a demanding test of foundation models, because it requires robust, holistic representation learning for a given data modali...
The paper tackles the problem of estimating causal effects when an unobserved confounder is present. It assumes a single, possibly multi‑dimensional proxy variable for the confounder and knowledge of the mechanism that generates this proxy. Under the Single Proxy Identifiability of Causal Effects (SPICE) assumption, the authors prove that the error mechanism is complete and causal effects are identifiable, extending prior proxy‑based results to continuous, multi‑dimensional settings and more flexible functional forms. They also introduce SPICE‑Net, a neural‑network‑based framework for estimating causal effects applicable to both discrete and continuous treatments.
TabCausal is a causal discovery foundation model that learns to map datasets directly to causal graphs by pretraining across diverse causal environments. It uses a dynamic task construction strategy to expose the model to varied graph priors, mechanisms, noise models, dimensions, sample sizes, and intervention regimes, improving transferability from observational and mixed‑interventional data. On large synthetic benchmarks and a new protocol‑guided semantic benchmark, TabCausal outperforms many classical baselines and shows robust structure recovery, especially when interventional evidence is available.
arXiv:2609.16069v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Synthetic tabular data can match real data distributions while still violating the semantic constraints that govern valid tabular rows. This reveals...