The paper investigates whether large language models (LLMs) follow Occam's Razor when performing inductive and abductive reasoning. It introduces a synthetic framework for generating questions that require both types of reasoning and a new automated metric to evaluate the simplicity and correctness of generated hypotheses. Experiments show that while LLMs can handle simple scenarios, they struggle with complex world models and producing high‑quality, simplest hypotheses, even when using advanced reasoning techniques.
By Yunxin Sun, Abulhair Saparov
arXiv:2608. 14791v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Abductive reasoning, often characterized as inference to the best explanation, is central to explanation under uncertainty, from everyday sense-making and investigation to scientific discovery.
By Moein Salimi, Danial Parnian, Shaygan Adim, Amirmohammad Ebrahiminasab, Nima Alighardashi, Parsa Gholami, Sahand Akramipour, Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani, Mohammad Hossein Rohban
arXiv:2607. 07761v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as important tools in healthcare, showing growing potential for clinical reasoning and patient care.
By Qi Peng, Jiatong Li, Sirui Huang, Yiyang Jiang, Kaisong Gong, Ronger Ding, Shijie Ye, Changmeng Zheng, Yi Cai, Xiaobo Yang, Jin Huang, Xiao-Yong Wei, Qing Li
arXiv:2509. 21013v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Given the prohibitive cost of pre-training large language models, it is essential to leverage smaller proxy models to optimize datasets before scaling up.
By Woosung Koh, Juyoung Suk, Sungjun Han, Se-Young Yun, Jamin Shin
arXiv:2505. 02722v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities across general domains, their effectiveness in real-world clinical practice remains limited.
By Junu Kim, Chaeeun Shim, Sungjin Park, Su Yeon Lee, Gee Young Suh, Chae-Man Lim, Seong Jin Choi, Song Mi Moon, Kyoung-Ho Song, Eu Suk Kim, Hong Bin Kim, Sejoong Kim, Chami Im, Dong-Wan Kang, Yong Soo Kim, Hee-Joon Bae, Sung Yoon Lim, Han-Gil Jeong, Edward Choi
arXiv:2602. 20094v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) witness increasing deployment in complex, high-stakes decision-making scenarios, it becomes imperative to ground their reasoning in causality rather than spurious correlations.
By Yuzhe Wang, Yaochen Zhu, Jundong Li
arXiv:2606. 11745v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Visual causal reasoning is essential for understanding and intervening in the physical world, requiring identification of causal variables from visual inputs and reasoning over intervention effects.
By Haoping Yu, Yuanxi Li, Jing Ma
The paper introduces Causal Shortcut Learning (CSL), a framework that identifies token chains—called causal shortcuts—that guide Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) toward correct reasoning paths. By extracting these shortcuts and applying parallel prioritized masking during training, CSL improves both convergence speed and generation accuracy. Experiments on several reasoning benchmarks and two base models show CSL outperforms existing SFT-variant baselines, achieving an average 1.92% improvement over SFT-only models and up to 4.20% on MATH-500.
By Dian Jin, Kairong Han, Baohong Li, Xinpeng Dong, Zijing Hu, Nuanqiao Shan, Fei Wu, Kun Kuang
arXiv:2609.22700v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Step-level reasoning evaluators are commonly based on autoregressive language models, whose causal attention restricts each step representation to the...
By Yiming Feng, Naihao Deng, Yulong Chen, Rada Mihalcea
arXiv:2605. 19723v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems.
By Husnain Amjad, Raja Khurram Shahzad, Aamir Shahzad, Mehwish Fatima
arXiv:2404.06349v3 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: The ability to understand causality significantly impacts the competence of large language models (LLMs) in output explanation and counterfactual r...
By Yu Zhou, Xingyu Wu, Jibin Wu, Liang Feng, Kay Chen Tan
Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on a small, high-quality set of long reasoning traces is an effective approach for eliciting strong reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods for curating high-quality SFT data rely heavily on strong reasoning models to filter examples based on diversity and difficulty, making the curation process costly while often yielding suboptimal data quality.