The study used causal discovery and mediation analysis on 42,293 UK Biobank participants to map how moderate‑to‑vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reduces dementia risk. It found interconnected pathways involving depression, functional capacity, smoking, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and brain injury, with depression accounting for 15.1% of the effect. Sex‑specific analyses showed females mainly linked to metabolic and functional pathways, while males were more influenced by behavioral and cardiometabolic cascades.
arXiv:2111. 05385v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Obesity is a major health problem, increasing the risk of various major chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and stroke.
arXiv:2608. 04016v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Social disadvantage is associated with multimorbidity, but the pathways linking social conditions to disease burden remain poorly understood.
arXiv:2606. 10889v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Early detection of neurodegeneration remains a critical clinical challenge.
arXiv:2607. 28687v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As populations age, cognitive decline from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia is a defining health challenge of the coming decades, yet routine assessment often misses its earliest signs.
arXiv:2609.07729v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Normative age models are trained to predict chronological age in a nominally healthy cohort. Applied to patients, they deviate, and the gap between pre...
arXiv:2606. 17867v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite increasing adoption of multimodal approaches in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research -- aimed at integrating molecular, structural, clinical, and genetic biomarkers to enhance disease characterization -- the relationships among these modalities remain poorly understood.
The paper introduces PAFIR, a Personalized and Adaptive Feature selection framework that treats feature selection as a reinforcement learning problem over longitudinal multimodal health data. PAFIR jointly models structural dependencies among assessment variables and temporal dynamics in wearable-derived physical activity data, learning adaptive selection policies across repeated study visits using reward signals from sparse fall incidence outcomes. Applied to the Physio Feedback Exercise Program (PEER) trial, PAFIR outperforms state‑of‑the‑art baselines by capturing longitudinal and structural patterns of feature relevance, enabling dynamic, subject‑specific feature selection for more timely fall prevention strategies.
arXiv:2606. 00345v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Wearable and mobile sensing technologies enable continuous monitoring of human behavior and health in real-world settings.
arXiv:2606. 18535v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-cause observational studies contain information about unmeasured confounding through the dependence structure among causes.
arXiv:2603. 13673v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate extraction of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) phenotypes from electronic health records (EHR) is critical for early-stage detection and disease staging.
Brain-PACE is a deep Siamese MRI framework that directly estimates the pace of structural brain ageing from paired T1‑weighted MRI scans, extending the LILAC model with spatial attention, soft label distribution learning, and a Cramér distance objective. In a study of participants with mild cognitive impairment, 42.6 % showed accelerated ageing, and faster Brain‑PACE scores correlated with greater functional and cognitive impairment as well as higher regional tau burden in key brain regions. The method improves probabilistic performance, reduces prediction bias, and provides predictive uncertainty, offering a complementary longitudinal imaging phenotype sensitive to early neurodegeneration.
arXiv:2606. 30648v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causal mediation analysis decomposes a treatment effect into indirect pathways through mediators and direct pathways not operating through them.