arXiv AI

Lung-R1: A Knowledge Graph-Guided LLM for Pulmonary Diagnostic Reasoning

arXiv:2606. 11675v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Diagnosing pulmonary diseases requires integrating heterogeneous evidence amid phenotypic variability and cross-disease overlap.

arXiv AI

Jun 30

Clinical Reasoning Graphs: Structured Evaluation of LLM Diagnostic Reasoning Reveals Competence Without Consistency

arXiv:2606. 29876v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern large language models (LLMs) reach 60-70% diagnostic accuracy on complex clinical case benchmarks, but accuracy alone cannot distinguish stable clinically-grounded reasoning from pattern matching.

By Nisarg A. Patel (University of California, San Francisco)

llms benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jul 10

Aligning Clinical Needs and AI Capabilities: A Survey on LLMs for Medical Reasoning

arXiv:2607. 07761v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as important tools in healthcare, showing growing potential for clinical reasoning and patient care.

By Qi Peng, Jiatong Li, Sirui Huang, Yiyang Jiang, Kaisong Gong, Ronger Ding, Shijie Ye, Changmeng Zheng, Yi Cai, Xiaobo Yang, Jin Huang, Xiao-Yong Wei, Qing Li

llms benchmarks safety

arXiv Computation and Language

Sep 14

Repair Before Reinforce: Context-Augmented Knowledge Graph Reasoning for Multi-Hop Question Answering

arXiv:2609.12230v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Question-answering often requires reasoning across multiple connected facts rather than retrieving a single isolated relation. Knowledge graphs (KGs) p...

By Tharaka D. Fonseka, Niraj K. Jha

llms nlp reinforcement-learning fine-tuning

arXiv AI

Jul 20

GraphDx: A Cost-Aware Knowledge-Enhanced Multi-Agent Framework for Sequential Diagnosis

arXiv:2607. 15280v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sequential diagnosis requires balancing diagnostic accuracy against resource costs through iterative information gathering.

By Shaoting Tan, Ning Liu, Yuntao Du, Shuyue Wei, Wu Shuai, Qian Li, Yanyu Xu, Wei Zhang, Lizhen Cui, Haitao Yuan

llms agents efficiency

arXiv AI

Aug 21

MKG-CARE: Case-Aware Reasoning with Multimodal Knowledge Graphs for Explainable Medical Image Diagnosis

arXiv:2605. 22547v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Medical image diagnosis has achieved significant progress with deep learning, yet existing methods often rely on isolated visual evidence and lack the ability to effectively leverage similar cases and external knowledge.

By Yiming Xu, Yixuan Liu, Yuhang Zhang, Ling Zheng, Yihan Wang, Qi Song

multimodal benchmarks safety

arXiv AI

Aug 18

DiagnosisArena: Benchmarking Diagnostic Reasoning for Large Language Models

arXiv:2505. 14107v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The emergence of groundbreaking large language models capable of performing complex reasoning tasks holds significant promise for addressing various scientific challenges, including those arising in complex clinical scenarios.

By Yakun Zhu, Zhongzhen Huang, Linjie Mu, Yutong Huang, Wei Nie, Jiaji Liu, Shaoting Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Xiaofan Zhang

llms benchmarks

arXiv AI

Aug 25

Teaching LLMs How ICU Physicians Approach Clinical Reasoning Through OMOP-Aligned Retrieval Improves Reasoning Across Clinical Domains

arXiv:2608.22622v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Clinical decision-making relies on identifying relevant patient information to guide diagnosis and treatment, a challenge that is especially difficul...

By Miguel Contreras, Scott Siegel, Subhash Nerella, Jessica Sena, Jiaqing Zhang, Heng Sun, Hruday Tej Akkaladevi, Peiyu Lu, Jordan Rosen, Sumit Kapoor, Sasank Desaraju, Grace R. Thompson, Jacob Purcell, Michael Petrauskis, Philip KW. Hong, Meghan Brennan, Sarah Chrabaszcz, Tierra Smith, Ronnie Ren, Michel S. Kabbash, Ceyhun Haziroglu, Rushi Patel, Gabriel Gomez, Charlotte Chaiklin, Randy Leung, Kenneth N. John, Whitman Wiggins, Philip Kayser, Vincent Bird, Maria Bruzzone, Tyler J. Loftus, Azra Bihorac, Parisa Rashidi

llms fine-tuning benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 16

Semantic Reasoning in Medicine: The Role of Knowledge Graphs Across Five Key Domains

arXiv:2606. 15155v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Knowledge graphs (KGs) have emerged as a promising solution for integrating and reasoning over complex biomedical and clinical data in healthcare.

By Haniye Sherafatmandjoo, Mohammad Akbari, Zahed Rahmati

nlp safety

arXiv AI

Jun 3

ChatHealthAI: Aligning Electronic Health Record Representations with Large Language Models for Grounded Clinical Reasoning

arXiv:2606. 02802v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong natural-language reasoning abilities for clinical decision support, but struggle to effectively model structured longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs).

By Bo-Hong Wang, Baicheng Peng, Ruilin Wang, Jun Bai, Ziyang Song, Yue Li

llms multimodal benchmarks safety

arXiv AI

Sep 10

DrugReason: Dynamic Multi-View Reasoning over Knowledge Graph and Language Evidence for Drug Repurposing

arXiv:2609.06779v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Drug repurposing aims to identify new therapeutic uses for existing compounds and, compared with de novo drug discovery, offers a faster and more cos...

By Zijie Liu, Hongxuan Li, Zhen Tan, Jinhao Duan, Baixiang Huang, Zunpeng Liu, Kai Shu, Tianlong Chen

llms efficiency safety

arXiv Computer Vision

Aug 25

Sparse Multi-Stage Expert-Agent Routing for Complex Clinical Reasoning

arXiv:2608.21948v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Complex clinical reasoning requires models to update diagnostic hypotheses as new evidence emerges and to coordinate different medical specialities und...

By Sike Xiang, Shuang Chen, Qian sun, Jia Cheng, Yusi Wei, Amir Atapour-Abarghouei

llms agents

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 8

GraphWalker: Patient Analogy Meets Information Gain for Clinical Reasoning with Large Language Models

arXiv:2604. 06684v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Clinical reasoning over electronic health records (EHRs) is a fundamental yet challenging task in modern healthcare.

By Yue Fang, Weibin Liao, Yuxin Guo, Jiaran Gao, Hongxin Ding, Jinyang Zhang, Xinke Jiang, Zhibang Yang, Junfeng Zhao, Yasha Wang, Liantao Ma

llms agents benchmarks

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