The paper critiques the prevailing model-first approach in AI-driven image processing, arguing that researchers often prioritize benchmark performance over genuine understanding of real-world imaging problems. It proposes a problem-first framework that separates the physical imaging issue, solution principle, statistical estimator, and computational implementation, and introduces a six-stage workflow to guide research from problem formulation to evaluation. Case studies in super-resolution and low-light enhancement illustrate how benchmark datasets can misrepresent real tasks and emphasize the need for clearer standards on evidence, reproducibility, and uncertainty.
arXiv:2607. 07189v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision-language models (VLMs) and agentic AI have shown strong performance on semantic visual tasks, but it remains unclear whether they can handle the physics and inverse problems that underlie computational imaging.
The paper introduces an agentic AI Scientist workflow that automates the entire baseline development process for medical imaging by combining literature-guided reasoning, automated code generation, and hypothesis-driven experimentation. Evaluated on four public benchmarks covering segmentation, classification, and detection, the pipeline consistently improves validation performance, achieving competitive leaderboard results such as 6th place on both PUMA tracks and 31st on MILK10k. The approach also shows strong domain generalization on MIDOG25 across scanners, tumor types, and species, demonstrating that a skill-based, literature-guided agentic workflow can reduce engineering effort without task-specific redesign.
arXiv:2608. 14075v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific figures and tables encode essential experimental evidence, yet remain difficult for digital libraries and multimodal AI systems to retrieve and interpret.
arXiv:2607. 10789v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computational imaging, which recovers hidden signals from indirect, noisy measurements, underpins quantitative discovery across scientific disciplines, yet building a correct reconstruction pipeline demands deep domain expertise and remains laborious even for domain scientists.
arXiv:2606. 19270v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Artificial intelligence has driven rapid progress in medical imaging research, producing increasingly sophisticated algorithms and steady improvements on benchmark tasks.
ASI‑Bench is a new benchmark that evaluates AI systems on their ability to conduct innovative exploration and autonomous scientific research across 11 domains, using 60 project‑level tasks. It progressively removes human methodological guidance to test whether AI can independently select methods, execute research, and produce verifiable results. Results from 18 state‑of‑the‑art agent–model configurations show a sharp performance drop when guidance is reduced, indicating current systems still rely heavily on human input.
Benchmarking competitions are central to AI development in medical imaging, but it is unclear if they provide representative, accessible, and reusable data for clinical relevance. This study systematically examined 249 challenges (458 tasks) across 19 imaging modalities, finding limited geographic, modality, and problem-type representation. Additionally, many datasets suffer from restrictive access, ambiguous licensing, and poor documentation, hindering reproducibility and long-term reuse.
arXiv:2607. 03634v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved extraordinary capabilities despite lacking many of the conceptual and scientific foundations associated with mature disciplines.
arXiv:2601. 13591v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Recent LLM-based data agents aim to automate data science tasks ranging from data analysis to deep learning.
arXiv:2607. 08317v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern AI models achieve strong performance on many established benchmarks, yet they still fail on tasks that humans find almost trivial, such as manipulating a string or drawing a dog with five legs.
arXiv:2606. 16082v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been increasingly adopted for Image Quality Assessment (IQA).
arXiv:2607. 10522v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents are beginning to automate machine learning engineering (MLE) by coupling planning, code execution, debugging, and empirical feedback.