arXiv Machine Learning

Gaussian Processes and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces: Connections and Equivalences

The monograph explores the relationships between Gaussian processes and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS), two widely used approaches that rely on positive definite kernels. It examines how these frameworks connect and are equivalent across key topics such as regression, interpolation, numerical integration, distributional discrepancies, statistical dependence, and Gaussian process sample path properties. By establishing a unifying perspective based on the equivalence between the Gaussian Hilbert space and the RKHS, the work aims to bridge methods developed independently by the machine learning, statistics, and numerical analysis communities.

Hugging Face Trending Papers
Aug 27

Why not to use the Gaussian kernel

The paper argues against using the Gaussian (squared exponential/RBF) kernel as a default in Gaussian process regression, citing its brittleness. It shows that the kernel leads to unrealistically small conditional variances, causing overconfidence in predictive uncertainty, and that this small variance induces numerical ill‑conditioning, necessitating tricks like nugget terms that alter the model. The authors attribute these issues to the kernel’s analytic, highly smooth nature and suggest that analytic stationary kernels in general should be avoided.

arXiv Machine Learning
3d ago

Neural Operators for Nonlinear Functionals on RKHS

arXiv:2403.12187v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Motivated by the abundance of functional data, such as time series and images, we study the approximation and statistical learning of nonline...

By Tian-Yi Zhou, Namjoon Suh, Guang Cheng, Xiaoming Huo
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 28

Why not to use the Gaussian kernel

The paper argues against using the Gaussian (squared exponential/RBF) kernel as a default in Gaussian process regression, citing its brittleness. Two key issues are highlighted: the kernel produces unrealistically small conditional variances leading to overconfident predictions, and it causes numerical ill‑conditioning that necessitates ad‑hoc fixes like nugget terms. The authors attribute these problems to the kernel’s analytic, infinitely smooth nature, suggesting that analytic stationary kernels in general should be avoided.

By Toni Karvonen, Chris J. Oates
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 31

Generalized Splines and Gaussian Processes

arXiv:2608.28446v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: For finite-dimensional linear inverse problems where the variables are Gaussian, it is well-known that the minimum-mean-square error estimator takes...

By Michael Unser
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 28

Minimax Lower Bounds of Kernel Discrepancy Estimation: MMD, HSIC, KSD

arXiv:2607. 24235v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Over the past 20 years, kernel discrepancies have been leveraged as a highly powerful tool for quantifying the disagreement of distributions, with numerous successful applications in two-sample, goodness-of-fit, and independence testing, among others.

By Jose Cribeiro-Ramallo, Florian Kalinke, Zolt\'an Szab\'o