arXiv Computation and Language

Do speech foundation models really learn words?

arXiv AI
Aug 25

Multi-Task Learning for Non-Canonical Phoneme Recognition via Articulatory Feature Decomposition

The paper proposes a linguistically structured multi‑task learning framework for recognizing non‑canonical phonemes by decomposing phoneme prediction into articulatory feature dimensions such as manner, place, and voicing. A hierarchical architecture with task‑specific heads and a cross‑attention fusion module is combined with semi‑supervised Momentum Pseudo‑Labeling and a cascaded training strategy that gradually introduces articulatory tasks. Experiments on the L2‑ARCTIC dataset demonstrate significant improvements over baseline models and produce interpretable error patterns aligned with phonological feature structure.

By Sophia Riaz, Haoze Zheng, Amos Roche, Miyu Zhang, Anamika Ragu, Salvatore Penachio, Kaustav Mukherjee, Aneesh Jonelagadda
arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 4

Beyond Decodability: Reconstructing Language Model Representations with an Encoding Probe

The paper introduces an Encoding Probe that reconstructs language model representations using interpretable features, addressing limitations of traditional decoding probes such as incomparable feature contributions and correlation effects. It evaluates this approach on text and speech transformer models, examining features from acoustics, phonetics, syntax, lexicon, and speaker identity. Findings reveal that speaker-related effects vary with training objectives and datasets, while syntactic and lexical features independently contribute to reconstruction, offering a complementary perspective on model interpretation.

By Gaofei Shen, Martijn Bentum, Tomas O. Lentz, Afra Alishahi, Grzegorz Chrupa{\l}a