Learning New Words from Unlabeled Test Data in Automatic Speech Recognition

The paper introduces a method that allows automatic speech recognition systems to learn new words during test time using unlabeled data. It combines a frozen CTC acoustic model for spellings, a frozen language model for detecting out‑of‑vocabulary words, and an adaptation module that expands the vocabulary by learning lexical token representations from CTC-generated candidates. Experiments on LibriSpeech and dysarthric speech data show relative character‑error‑rate reductions of up to 14.97% and 6.67% for recurring OOV words, respectively.

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• llms
• multimodal