Brain tissue microstructure estimation with machine learning provides higher computational efficiency than conventional fitting. However, machine learning still presents important limitations that hamper its clinical utility.
arXiv:2606. 15837v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) frequently fail to generalize to out-of-distribution (OOD) medical images because of variations in scanners and acquisition protocols.
By Jimut B. Pal, Suyash P. Awate
arXiv:2607. 09892v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce DenseAR, a new generative paradigm that reformulates autoregressive image generation as coarse-to-fine next-dense-stride prediction using a compact single-scale tokenizer.
By Chicago Y. Park, Jialin Mao, Xiaojian Xu, Taha Kass-Hout, Ulugbek S. Kamilov, Cao Xiao
arXiv:2505. 21736v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Translation equivariance is a central reason convolutional neural networks have been successful in computer vision.
By Siqi Fang, Zachary Schlamowitz, Andrew Bennecke, Daniel J. Tward
arXiv:2606. 19651v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) brain MRI is central to clinical neurology and neuro-oncology, where generative models could augment under-represented cohorts, simulate disease trajectories, and support privacy-preserving data sharing.
By Max Van Puyvelde, Ibrahim Gulluk, Wim Van Criekinge, Olivier Gevaert
arXiv:2504. 06299v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal prediction models based on imaging and clinical data are increasingly used for clinical decision support, yet their interpretability remains limited.
By Lisa Herzog, Jonas Br\"andli, Maurice Schneeberger, Loran Avci, Nordin Dari, Martin H\"ansel, Hakim Baazaoui, Pascal B\"uhler, Susanne Wegener, Beate Sick
arXiv:2606. 01172v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modeling unknown latent functions from finite, irregularly sampled measurements is a recurring challenge across science and engineering.
By Peiman Mohseni, Nick Duffield, Raymond K. W. Wong
arXiv:2602. 11467v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Understanding how anatomical shapes evolve in response to developmental covariates - and quantifying their spatially varying uncertainties - is critical in healthcare research.
By Yining Jiao, Sreekalyani Bhamidi, Carlton Jude Zdanski, Julia S Kimbell, Andrew Prince, Cameron P Worden, Samuel Kirse, Christopher Rutter, Benjamin H Shields, Jisan Mahmud, Marc Niethammer
arXiv:2606. 09953v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Head computed tomography (CT) typically uses sub-millimeter in-plane resolution but 2-5 mm through-plane spacing, creating substantial anisotropy that degrades multiplanar reconstructions, volumetric measurements such as hematoma volume estimation, and downstream algorithms that assume near-isotropic voxels.
By Luis Cort\'es Ferre, Miguel A. Guti\'errez-Naranjo, Marcin Balcerzyk
arXiv:2608. 08173v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Longitudinal MRI enables sensitive measurement of structural brain change for studying aging and neurodegenerative disease.
By Jingru Fu, Kathleen E. Larson, Douglas N. Greve, Bruce Fischl, Malte Hoffmann
arXiv:2608. 12689v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is a cornerstone for brain tumor diagnosis and treatment, yet current AI models face critical limitations: their lack of natural language interaction and interpretability impedes spatial information integration and cross-modal reasoning required clinically.
By Zhi Qiao, Xintong Wu, Yichu He, Feng Shi
arXiv:2608. 08135v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Cross-modality medical image translation can reduce the burden of multi-modal acquisitions, yet the field remains constrained by two coupled limitations: methods operate on 2D slices or 3D patches rather than whole volumes, and train a separate model for each translation task.
By Daniele Molino, Alessio Zoboli, Camillo Maria Caruso, Valerio Guarrasi, Paolo Soda