The paper proposes a method for combining expert knowledge using mixtures of feedback fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) guided by a relevance criterion adapted from legal evidence theory. An answer is deemed relevant only if it is both probative and material to the query, and this relevance is used to weight and mix expert FCMs into a query‑specific knowledge network. The authors introduce a Bayes‑like de‑mixing theorem to estimate posterior‑like FCMs and demonstrate the approach on synthetic FCMs derived from a 13‑node expert model of ischemic‑stroke risk.
arXiv:2608. 14212v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As large language models enter professional domains, they must satisfy domain constraints, include critical evidence, and provide complete reasoning rather than merely produce fluent responses.
The paper proposes a causal prompt engineering framework that encodes a domain expert’s decision logic—termed an Expert Mental Model (EMM)—into large language models (LLMs) to mitigate hallucinations arising from missing knowledge. By formalizing factor formulation, factor monotonization, and monotonicity-preserving hierarchical structuring, the framework reduces the elicitation burden from millions of combinations to a manageable set, enabling a four-step EMM construction algorithm. The approach allows formal measurement of hallucination rates in tacit expert knowledge and is validated in grant proposal evaluation, cybersecurity design, and clinical diagnosis.
arXiv:2601.10485v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Domain-specific knowledge graphs (DKGs) are critical yet often suffer from limited coverage compared to General Knowledge Graphs (GKGs). Existing t...
arXiv:2606. 20245v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance across a wide range of language-based tasks by leveraging both extensive parametric knowledge and in-context learning ability, enabling them to incorporate external information provided in the input prompt.
arXiv:2607. 24838v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In medical multiple-choice question answering (MCQA), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can supplement the domain knowledge of language models (LMs).
The article proposes a framework called quantitative evidence mining to transform biomedical findings into structured, context-rich evidence units. It outlines core elements such as claim, measured entity, value, comparator, population, conditions, temporal context, uncertainty, provenance, validation, and expert review. The authors present an eight-stage reference architecture and emphasize that plausibility should remain multidimensional rather than collapsed into a single truth label, linking extraction to evidence synthesis for applications like clinical trials, biomarker research, and knowledge-graph construction.
arXiv:2605. 22547v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Medical image diagnosis has achieved significant progress with deep learning, yet existing methods often rely on isolated visual evidence and lack the ability to effectively leverage similar cases and external knowledge.
arXiv:2608. 03506v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Self-consistency assumes the most frequent answer among sampled reasoning traces is the most reliable, but this can fail in causal reasoning: samples often repeat the same confounding error, and votes fragment across multiple valid answers, letting an invalid answer win despite a valid minority trace.
Self-consistency assumes the most frequent answer among sampled reasoning traces is the most reliable, but this can fail in causal reasoning: samples often repeat the same confounding error, and votes fragment across multiple valid answers, letting an invalid answer win despite a valid minority trace. We introduce CALVER (Causal Axiom-Level VERification), a training-free symbolic verifier that scores structured traces against Pearl's causal criteria, including -separation, backdoor adjustment, and intervention, and selects the highest-scoring candidate without consulting a reference answer.
arXiv:2510. 14538v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI aims to develop deep neural networks whose predictions comply with prior knowledge encoding, e.
LEGO is a dual‑module framework that combines a Legal Expert GraphRAG system with an expert Chain‑of‑Thought approach to enhance complex legal reasoning. The GraphRAG component uses an expert‑annotated civil code graph and a greedy normative‑coverage retrieval algorithm to extract relevant provision subgraphs, while the Chain‑of‑Thought module structures retrieved provisions and case facts into a Provision‑Fact‑Conclusion reasoning flow. Using a Qwen3‑8B backbone, LEGO achieves 40.53% exact‑match accuracy on LawExamQA_Civil, surpassing baseline RAG and CoT models and matching larger models on multi‑hop and open‑ended benchmarks, with ablation studies confirming the complementary benefits of both modules.
arXiv:2608.21948v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Complex clinical reasoning requires models to update diagnostic hypotheses as new evidence emerges and to coordinate different medical specialities und...