The paper introduces DVD, a dynamic vector decoding method that unifies 2D and 3D perception tasks for multimodal large language models. DVD transforms various perceptual representations—such as 2D bounding boxes, masks, and 3D bounding boxes—into 1D vector sequences, maps them to compact discrete tokens, and then decodes them back to the original formats via a lightweight de-tokenizer. Experiments on RefCOCO, SUN‑RGBD, KITTI, Hypersim, and nuScenes show that DVD outperforms existing methods while significantly reducing token overhead and inference latency.
arXiv:2606. 24353v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Bird's-eye view (BEV) perception fuses multi-camera images into a unified top-down representation for autonomous driving.
arXiv:2607. 21595v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Despite rapid progress, most existing vision-language models (VLMs) built from 2D visual inputs often struggle when handling various 3D tasks that require fine-grained spatial understanding and reasoning.
arXiv:2609.38177v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reasoning about the 3D world from multi-view images remains a fundamental challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). While modern MLLMs...
O3N is a novel framework that performs open‑vocabulary occupancy prediction from a single omnidirectional RGB image. It introduces a polar‑spiral voxel embedding (PsM) for continuous 360° spatial representation, an Occupancy Cost Aggregation (OCA) module that unifies geometric and semantic supervision, and a Natural Modality Alignment (NMA) pathway that aligns visual, voxel, and text features. Experiments show state‑of‑the‑art results on QuadOcc and Human360Occ benchmarks, with strong cross‑scene generalization and semantic scalability.
The paper introduces 3D-Prog, a framework that adapts powerful 2D vision‑language models (VLMs) for reliable 3D understanding, manipulation, and generation. It does so by employing Canonical Coordinate Framing (CCF) to anchor inputs and outputs in a shared Euclidean coordinate system, resolving axis ambiguity, metric scale, and reference issues, and Task‑Adaptive Feedback (TAF) to close the reasoning loop with dynamic, task‑specific feedback. Together, CCF and TAF enable 2D VLMs to perform open‑vocabulary 3D tasks without retraining, yielding consistent, interpretable, and high‑quality results across diverse 3D scenarios.
HENet++ is a unified framework that combines a hybrid image encoding strategy—using a large encoder for short‑term frames and a lightweight encoder for long‑term temporal context—to balance accuracy and efficiency in 3D perception for autonomous driving. It jointly extracts dense background and sparse foreground features, enabling task‑specific representations that reduce cumulative errors and enrich downstream prediction and planning modules. The approach supports diverse 3D feature extraction pipelines, multi‑modal inputs (camera and radar), and achieves state‑of‑the‑art results on nuScenes and NAVSIM benchmarks, including the lowest collision rate on nuScenes planning.
The paper introduces PACE, a Pareto‑adaptive compression framework designed for native multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that directly tokenize pixel patches without external vision encoders. By analyzing token discriminability and heterogeneous redundancy across spatial dimensions, PACE decomposes attention into height‑ and width‑specific saliency maps and applies a Pareto‑optimization strategy to allocate token budgets, achieving near‑lossless performance with only 25‑50% of visual tokens and more than 2× FLOP savings. Experiments demonstrate that PACE not only preserves but sometimes improves benchmark results compared to existing ViT‑based compression methods.
arXiv:2607. 04079v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on 2D question answering tasks.
The paper introduces LaPla, a Vision‑Language‑Action framework that uses a latent‑aligned planning approach to convert discrete semantic reasoning into continuous, physics‑constrained driving actions. It employs a residual VQ‑VAE to encode vehicle kinematics into a structured latent space, then projects multimodal inputs—images, past actions, and text—directly into this latent space, allowing a frozen decoder to generate physically plausible trajectories without quantization errors. Experiments on nuScenes and NVIDIA AlpaSim show LaPla reduces long‑horizon L2 error by 15.52% and improves closed‑loop success rates by 33.34 percentage points while cutting inference latency.
arXiv:2603. 06576v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous driving has attracted growing interest for their strong reasoning and semantic understanding abilities, which are essential for handling complex decision-making and long-tail scenarios.
arXiv:2608. 01185v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent 3D vision-language models (3D VLMs) construct geometry aware tokens by projecting 2D visual features into world coordinates, enabling spatial reasoning for tasks such as 3D question answering.
arXiv:2606. 05833v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at 2D semantic understanding but lack intrinsic 3D awareness, resulting in representations that fail to maintain geometric and spatial consistency across video frames.