The study evaluates mentalization—the capacity to infer others’ beliefs and intentions—in large language models (LLMs) using two economic games and cognitive computational modeling. Researchers tested 2,099 LLM agents from four model families (DeepSeek, GPT‑4.1, GPT‑5, Gemini 2.0 Flash) against opponents of varying sophistication, comparing their performance to 251 human participants. Results show that LLMs exhibit distinct mentalizing behaviors that vary by model provider and size, with strategic prompting generally enhancing performance; notably, GPT‑5 agents adapt their recursive reasoning depth to match opponent sophistication, outperforming humans in one task.
By Aamir Sohail, Xintong Zhong, Arkady Konovalov, Patricia L. Lockwood, Lei Zhang
arXiv:2609.13561v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Efficient utilization of supply chain analytics for decision making remains a significant challenge for planners, as critical tasks such as database qu...
By Xian Yeow Lee, Teppei Inoue, Haiyan Wang, Chetan Gupta
arXiv:2509. 21862v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: How collective behaviors emerge from the interactions of individual LLM-driven agents is a central question in artificial life, yet controlled study of these emergent dynamics has been hindered by the lack of a principled simulation framework for systematic experimentation.
By So Kuroki, Yingtao Tian, Kou Misaki, Takashi Ikegami, Takuya Akiba, Yujin Tang
arXiv:2607. 28956v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model agents are increasingly evaluated as autonomous tool users, yet most benchmarks focus on bounded tasks with immediate success criteria.
By Qiming Shi, Yulong Tao, Linbo Jin, Zhaolu Kang, Yibo Dou, Jiawen Zhu, Tianjun Pan, Shaokang Fu, Chengyu Wang, Siyue Li, Yaping Cheng, Di Weng, Chengfu Huo
arXiv:2606. 13003v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Prevailing wisdom posits that Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are superior to Single-Agent Systems (SAS), citing advantages like context protection, parallel processing and distributed decision-making.
By Prathyusha Jwalapuram, Hehai Lin, Chuyuan Li, Fangkai Jiao, Sudong Wang, Yifei Ming, Zixuan Ke, Chengwei Qin, Giuseppe Carenini, Shafiq Joty
arXiv:2605.17036v4 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: This paper studies the performance and reliability of autonomous generative AI agents in multi-echelon supply chains using the MIT Beer Game....
By Carol Xuan Long, David Simchi-Levi, Feng Zhu, Huangyuan Su, Andre P. Calmon, Flavio P. Calmon
arXiv:2510. 03310v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human behavior in business, economics, and the social sciences, offering a low-cost complement to laboratory experiments, field studies, and surveys.
By Runze Zhang, Xiaowei Zhang, Mingyang Zhao
arXiv:2606. 01199v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language agents are increasingly used for social simulation, yet it remains unclear whether they can sustain coherent behavior in structured organizations, where goals must propagate through hierarchy, tasks depend on prior execution, and artifacts accumulate over long horizons.
By Xuancheng Zhu, Yang Yue, Shuaibing Wan, Zihan Dou, Xiaohan Zhang, Yongrui Liu, Guoshun Nan
The paper examines how large language model (LLM) based graphical user interface (GUI) agents respond to digital nudges. Using a randomized online shopping experiment with 3,600 agents across six frontier models, it finds that agents are vulnerable to both automatic and reflective nudges. The study shows that the agents’ reasoning configuration moderates these effects in opposite directions—reducing susceptibility to automatic nudges while increasing it to reflective social influence nudges—and that this redirection is systematically linked to model scale.
arXiv:2606. 00655v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The burgeoning field of LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) promises to tackle complex tasks through collaborative intelligence, yet fundamental questions regarding their scaling behavior and intrinsic collective dynamics remain underexplored.
By Jialing Li, Zhouhong Gu, Yin Cai, Hongwei Feng
arXiv:2609.13334v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Enterprise AI agents often succeed in a demonstration and then stall once they must operate day after day. An industry report estimates that most pil...
By Oliver Aleksander Larsen, Mahyar T. Moghaddam
The study examines how large language model (LLM)–based graphical user interface (GUI) agents respond to digital nudges. Using Dual‑Process Theory, researchers tested 3,600 agents across six frontier models in an online shopping experiment and found that the agents were susceptible to both automatic (Type 1) and reflective (Type 2) nudges. The agents’ reasoning configuration moderated these effects in opposite directions: extensive reasoning reduced susceptibility to automatic default nudges but increased susceptibility to reflective social‑influence nudges, with the effect systematically varying by model scale.
By Haya Halimeh, Sascha Kaltenpoth, Kevin B\"osch, Oliver M\"uller