Historically, retrieving rainfall data from satellite imagery has been the domain of space agencies. However, in recent years, the development of cheaper, more compact satellites (SmallSats) capable o...
arXiv:2606. 27018v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Remote Sensing Foundation Models (RSFMs) have emerged as a powerful alternative to supervised models for Earth Observation, allowing satellites to autonomously trigger high-resolution captures or adjust tasking parameters upon detecting an anomaly, thereby maximizing the utility of the mission's limited power and computational resources.
The paper introduces ESIA, an Earth Surface Immune System that detects and recognizes unknown anomalies in satellite imagery without prior category knowledge. It uses a non‑specific innate stage for rapid localization and a specific adaptive stage that matches image patches to text prompts via a multi‑modal model, achieving high F1 scores. The system adapts to new scenes in seconds and has been validated on a large global dataset, with applications to farmland degradation after the Kakhovka Dam collapse and burn severity assessment from the 2025 Palisades Fire.
arXiv:2505. 03509v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Anomaly detection in large datasets is essential in astronomy and computer vision.
The paper introduces PRISMA, a generative framework that separates precipitation prior training from sensor-specific constraints, allowing flexible composition of heterogeneous satellite observations without retraining the core model. By integrating FY‑4B/AGRI, GPM/GMI, F16‑F18 SSMIS, and GPM/DPR‑Ka data, PRISMA consistently improves precipitation‑estimation accuracy and outperforms IMERG Final in CRPS and RMSE while maintaining positive Brier skill across thresholds. The framework supports rapid, accurate ensemble precipitation estimates, enhancing satellite‑based monitoring for hydrometeorological hazards.
The paper introduces a training‑free anomaly detector that simultaneously handles structural and logical defects by calibrating heterogeneous anomaly cues with statistics from normal images. This calibration aligns frozen representations, allowing their fusion without extra training or part‑level supervision. The resulting method achieves state‑of‑the‑art AUROC scores on MVTec‑LOCO and remains competitive on MVTec‑AD.
arXiv:2512. 07925v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Ongoing armed conflict in Sudan highlights the need for rapid monitoring of conflict-related fire-affected areas.
arXiv:2608. 16380v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Monitoring war-induced damage to agricultural land in Ukraine is important for understanding threats to food security, environmental stability, and post-war recovery.
arXiv:2509. 06419v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Time-series anomaly detection is crucial in AIOps for maintaining large-scale service reliability.
The paper presents a deep‑learning approach for detecting cyberattacks in Low‑Earth Orbit satellite systems, leveraging the UNSW‑IoTSAT dataset. It explores structured architectures that preserve hardware, orbital, and radio‑frequency data, including a Subsystem‑Fusion MLP and a hierarchical multimodal Transformer that captures cross‑subsystem interactions and temporal dynamics. Experiments show that the hierarchical Transformer achieves up to 91.66% accuracy and 85.63% macro F1 under a leakage‑resistant evaluation protocol, highlighting the importance of multimodal modeling and rigorous testing.
The paper introduces Hurdle‑RMIL, a two‑stage model that first separates zero‑inflated rainfall from the long‑tailed distribution of positive rainfall and then applies a Bayes‑based transformation to learn a balanced‑distribution model from natural data. Experiments over multiple Chinese regions show that Hurdle‑RMIL reduces systematic underestimation of rare high‑intensity rainfall, improves detection of extreme events, and achieves higher equitable threat scores without significantly harming lower‑threshold accuracy.
arXiv:2509.18123v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate interpretation of soil moisture patterns is critical for irrigation scheduling and crop management, yet existing approaches for soil moist...