The paper introduces ESIA, an Earth Surface Immune System that detects and recognizes unknown anomalies in satellite imagery without prior category knowledge. It uses a non‑specific innate stage for rapid localization and a specific adaptive stage that matches image patches to text prompts via a multi‑modal model, achieving high F1 scores. The system adapts to new scenes in seconds and has been validated on a large global dataset, with applications to farmland degradation after the Kakhovka Dam collapse and burn severity assessment from the 2025 Palisades Fire.
arXiv:2608. 00012v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly used to interpret Earth observation data, yet their capability to support real-world disaster emergency response remains insufficiently evaluated.
The paper presents a two‑stage cascade for near‑real‑time detection of forest anomalies using Sentinel‑1 SAR time series. The first stage applies an adaptive robust‑statistics z‑score test on co‑registered VH backscatter against a same‑season historical baseline, while the second stage uses a convolutional autoencoder’s structural similarity metric to confirm disturbances. Alerts are issued only when both stages agree, with confidence scores and risk tiers based on repeat‑occurrence history, and the system outputs area estimates compatible with MRV workflows.
arXiv:2609.01514v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Historically, retrieving rainfall data from satellite imagery has been the domain of space agencies. However, in recent years, the development of che...
arXiv:2610.14624v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Interpreting Earth system conditions is central to understanding environmental risks and informing decisions across weather- and climate-sensitive se...
arXiv:2512. 07925v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Ongoing armed conflict in Sudan highlights the need for rapid monitoring of conflict-related fire-affected areas.
The paper revisits building damage assessment (BDA) from satellite imagery, emphasizing the need for a sensor‑agnostic, instance‑based task definition that can handle missing pre‑event data. It reviews existing datasets by modality, timing, and geography, critiques current single‑score evaluation practices, and proposes a more robust, ranking‑based multi‑score protocol. The authors also survey deep learning methods, highlight challenges in generalizing to new events and regions, and outline how these insights could shape future BDA challenges and data‑sharing practices.
Historically, retrieving rainfall data from satellite imagery has been the domain of space agencies. However, in recent years, the development of cheaper, more compact satellites (SmallSats) capable o...
arXiv:2603. 26842v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) is essential for maintaining the reliability and security of IoT-enabled service systems.
arXiv:2608. 12663v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Wildfire susceptibility mapping typically relies on physical variables assembled from multiple remote-sensing, climate, and geospatial products.
arXiv:2606. 07780v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Floods are among the most destructive natural hazards, and their increasing frequency under climate change makes satellite-based inundation mapping essential for disaster response.
arXiv:2606. 27018v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Remote Sensing Foundation Models (RSFMs) have emerged as a powerful alternative to supervised models for Earth Observation, allowing satellites to autonomously trigger high-resolution captures or adjust tasking parameters upon detecting an anomaly, thereby maximizing the utility of the mission's limited power and computational resources.
arXiv:2610.28560v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Visual anomaly detection aims to detect abnormal objects, while anomaly samples are often scarce during model training. Assembling multiple pretrained...