arXiv AI

LiteOdyssey: A Lightweight Reasoning AI Agent for Interpretable Rare-Disease Diagnosis

arXiv:2606. 16149v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Most medical AI systems improve by scaling additional machinery: more fine-tuning data, more agents, and/or larger retrieval databases.

arXiv AI

Jul 28

RareLens: Towards End-to-End Rare Disease Care via Aligning Divergent Large Language Model Reasoning

arXiv:2607. 23290v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rare diseases collectively affect an estimated 3.

By Xi Chen, Hongru Zhou, Shiyu Feng, Hanyu Zhou, Huahui Yi, Rongsheng Wang, Tiancheng He, Kun Wang, Pingping Liu, Qiankun Li, Sicheng Lin, Huiying Ou, Xiaohong Zheng, Tianying Zang, Zhuohang Wu, Leheng Jiang, Kexin Cao, Wenhan Zhang, ChengYi Li, Zhiyang Wang, Songlin Li, Benyou Wang, Ningbei Yin, Shaoting Zhang, Weili Fu, Jian Li, Kang Li

llms agents

arXiv AI

6d ago

Teaching agentic AI to learn expert reasoning for rare disease diagnosis

arXiv:2606. 16149v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Rare disease diagnosis depends on expert reasoning that is scarce and difficult to transfer; off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs) rank the correct disease first in only 35.

By Minh-Ha Nguyen, Erica Gray, Bryce A. Schuler, Kevin W. Byram, Chih-Ting Yang, Fan Ma, Hua Xu, Wu-Chen Su, Chao Yan, Wei-Qi Wei, Adam Wright, Lisa Bastarache, Josh Peterson, Lingyao Li, Siyuan Ma, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Rizwan Hamid, Thomas A. Cassini, Cathy Shyr

llms agents reinforcement-learning benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jul 2

RareDxR1: Autonomous Medical Reasoning for Rare Disease Diagnosis Beyond Human Annotation

arXiv:2607. 00147v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rare disease differential diagnosis is a critical yet arduous clinical task, requiring physicians to identify precise phenotypes from complex, unstructured patient symptoms and execute intricate reasoning within a vast search space.

By Deyang Jiang, Haoran Wu, Ziyi Wang, Yiming Rong, Yunlong Zhao, Ye Jin, Bo Xu

llms rag agents reinforcement-learning benchmarks

arXiv AI

1d ago

DiagnosisArena: Benchmarking Diagnostic Reasoning for Large Language Models

arXiv:2505. 14107v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The emergence of groundbreaking large language models capable of performing complex reasoning tasks holds significant promise for addressing various scientific challenges, including those arising in complex clinical scenarios.

By Yakun Zhu, Zhongzhen Huang, Linjie Mu, Yutong Huang, Wei Nie, Jiaji Liu, Shaoting Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Xiaofan Zhang

llms benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 24

A specialized reasoning large language model for accelerating rare disease diagnosis: a randomized AI physician assistance trial

arXiv:2606. 24510v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Rare diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide, yet timely diagnosis remains a major public health challenge due to scarcity of specialized clinical expertise.

By Haichao Chen, Songchi Zhou, Zhengyun Zhao, Shikai Hu, Xianghong Jin, Hongwei Ji, Li He, Shuli Li, Yiming Qin, Xin Tan, Runfeng Shi, Yih Chung Tham, Jiaye Zhu, Ye Li, Ye Jin, Longhao Cao, Dawei Li, Honghan Wu, Hongqiu Gu, Guanqiao Li, Tudor Groza, Chunying Li, Dian Zeng, Weihong Yu, Gareth Baynam, Saumya Shekhar Jamuar, Min Shen, Shuyang Zhang, Bin Sheng, Sheng Yu, Tien Yin Wong

llms benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jul 28

DeepLens Diagnosis Agent: Agentic Workflow Design Lets a Small Reasoning Model Compete with Frontier LLMs

arXiv:2607. 22555v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical diagnosis is a multi-stage process: extract facts, consult knowledge, generate a differential analysis, and select the best diagnosis with explanations.

By Mahmood Bayeshi, Veysel Kocaman, Muhammed Ali Naqvi, Yigit Gul, David Talby

llms rag agents benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 9

A Multi-modal Agentic Co-pilot for Evidence Grounded Computational Pathology

arXiv:2606. 08093v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pathology is the cornerstone of modern medicine, where accurate decision-making relies heavily on evidence-based practices.

By Zhe Xu, Zhengyu Zhang, Zhiyuan Cai, Jiahao Xu, Yijie Lin, Ziyi Liu, Junlin Hou, Hongyi Wang, Yuxiang Nie, Ling Liang, Yihui Wang, Yingxue Xu, Ronald Cheong Kin Chan, Li Liang, Hao Chen

agents multimodal benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jul 20

GraphDx: A Cost-Aware Knowledge-Enhanced Multi-Agent Framework for Sequential Diagnosis

arXiv:2607. 15280v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Sequential diagnosis requires balancing diagnostic accuracy against resource costs through iterative information gathering.

By Shaoting Tan, Ning Liu, Yuntao Du, Shuyue Wei, Wu Shuai, Qian Li, Yanyu Xu, Wei Zhang, Lizhen Cui, Haitao Yuan

llms agents efficiency

arXiv AI

Jun 30

An AI agent for treatment reasoning over a biomedical tool universe

arXiv:2606. 28692v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Treatment reasoning underpins every therapeutic decision, integrating disease context, comorbidities, medications, contraindications, and evolving biomedical knowledge to select an appropriate therapy.

By Shanghua Gao, Ayush Noori, Richard Zhu, Curtis Ginder, Zhenglun Kong, Xiaorui Su, Justin Kauffman, Benjamin S. Glicksberg, Joshua Lampert, Ankit Sakhuja, Ashwin Sawant, ATHENA-R1 Evaluation Consortium, David A. Clifton, Noa Dagan, Ran Balicer, Marinka Zitnik

llms agents reinforcement-learning fine-tuning benchmarks

arXiv AI

6d ago

Social Chain of Thought: A Multi-Agent Architecture Grounded in Medical Differential Diagnosis Methodology

arXiv:2608. 11420v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Medical diagnostic reasoning is a high-impact use case for LLMs that carries significant implications for the health and wellbeing of users.

By Del Coburn, Scott Sanner, Dan Silver

llms agents

arXiv AI

Jul 29

PatientAgentBench: A Benchmark Framework for Evaluating Patient-Facing Health AI Agents

arXiv:2607. 25485v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Health AI is evolving from answering questions to agentic systems that converse with patients, reason about health records, and act on their behalf.

By Korosh Vatanparvar, Ashutosh Joshi, Maria Xenochristou, Mohammad Abuzar Hashemi, Prasad Kasu, Deepak Bansal, Daniel Lopez-Martinez, Anchal Nema, Ramya Ganesan, Will Kimbrough, Alex Woody, Yadunandana Rao, Dilek Hakkani-Tur, Wilko Schulz-Mahlendorf

llms agents benchmarks safety

arXiv AI

Jun 17

MedicalAgentsBench for Complex Medical Reasoning: Comparing Internalized Reasoning Models versus Externalized Agent-based Frameworks

arXiv:2503. 07459v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Complex medical reasoning requires integrating heterogeneous clinical evidence across multiple inference steps.

By Yanjun Shao, Xiangru Tang, Jiwoong Sohn, Jiapeng Chen, Yuxuan Liao, Jiayi Zhang, Jinyu Xiang, Fang Wu, Yilun Zhao, Chenglin Wu, Wenqi Shi, Arman Cohan, Mark Gerstein

llms agents benchmarks

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