The paper presents a systematic security analysis of Google’s Agent Payments Protocol (AP2) version 2.0, focusing on its roles, transaction lifecycle, and deployment architectures. It identifies 48 threats across five attack families, scores them with the AIVSS, and demonstrates eight high‑risk threats with proof‑of‑concept attacks and mitigations. The study also introduces a deployment‑aware scanner to map threats to various checks, showing that signed mandates alone cannot guarantee user intent when pre‑authorization context is manipulated.
By Avital Aviv, Parth A. Gandh, Ron Bitton, Asaf Shabtai
arXiv:2607. 21325v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous AI agents increasingly execute actions, invoke tools, and operate on protected resources with limited human oversight.
By M. Llamb\'i-Morillas, D. Fern\'andez-Fern\'andez
arXiv:2607. 21325v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Autonomous AI agents increasingly execute actions, invoke tools, and operate on protected resources with limited human oversight.
By M. Llamb\'i-Morillas, D. Fern\'andez-Fern\'andez
arXiv:2608. 14074v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI agents increasingly act on external systems through standardized tool-calling protocols such as the Model Context Protocol (MCP), yet no infrastructure layer constrains their actions to what a principal has verifiably authorized: authorization logic lives in application code, is neither signed nor independently auditable, and the resulting logs lack evidentiary value.
By Giovanni Racioppi
arXiv:2606. 04104v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agent systems execute through runtimes with very different control points: local coding tools, framework SDKs, managed agent platforms, API gateways, and observer-only integrations.
By Zexun Wang
arXiv:2606. 03518v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As AI systems evolve from passive models into autonomous active agents capable of initiating actions, collaborating, and delegating tasks, the traditional boundaries of software systems blur.
By Amjad Ibrahim, Yong Li
arXiv:2606. 29073v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Model Context Protocol (MCP)-style ecosystems give language-model applications a practical connection layer for tools, resources, prompts, and transports.
By Ting Liu
arXiv:2609.00267v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Autonomous LLM agents increasingly act on a user's behalf: they hold credentials, call tools and services, and spawn sub-agents that act further on t...
By Panduranga Sai Varma Dantuluri, Jyotirmoy Sundi
arXiv:2606. 26028v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As autonomous AI agents increasingly transact across organizational boundaries, a fundamental trust challenge emerges: how can an agent assess whether an unknown counterpart is trustworthy?
By Xihan Xiong, Zelin Li, Wei Wei, Qin Wang, William Knottenbelt, Zhipeng Wang
arXiv:2606. 30970v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Autonomous AI agents increasingly perform consequential actions on behalf of human principals, including financial transactions, external communications, and enterprise workflows.
By Anuj Kaul, Qianlong Lan, Pranay Gupta
arXiv:2606. 04193v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Current AI agent observability is structurally compromised: the entity producing the activity log is the same entity whose activity is being logged.
By Juan Figuera
arXiv:2606. 30970v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Autonomous AI agents increasingly perform consequential actions on behalf of human principals, including financial transactions, external communications, and enterprise workflows.
By Anuj Kaul, Qianlong Lan, Pranay Gupta