arXiv Computation and Language

Climbing the Ladder: Automating Data Pipelines and Reproducing Baselines in Low-Resource Settings

The paper describes the redevelopment of a small neural machine translation system for Sicilian, using parallel text extracted from the bilingual journal Arba Sicula and a language‑agnostic sentence encoder for alignment. It compares training small Transformers from scratch with a pretrained NLLB model fine‑tuned via low‑rank adapters, and applies a staged reverse‑training recipe that improves translation into Sicilian more than from it. Results show the pretrained model outperforms the small Transformers, but a multilingual adapter can degrade performance on untrained language directions.

arXiv AI

Sep 4

One Model to Translate Them All? A Journey to Mount Doom for Multilingual Model Merging

The paper investigates weight‑space merging of independently fine‑tuned multilingual machine translation models. Experiments show that merging is more successful when models share a target language, yet it still cannot match the peak performance of language‑specific checkpoints. When target languages differ, performance drops sharply, and analysis reveals that overlapping neuron activation and incompatible upper‑layer geometries cause these failures.

By Baban Gain, Trilok Nath Singh, Asif Ekbal

llms nlp fine-tuning

arXiv Machine Learning

Aug 11

Embedding Initialization for Unseen Low-resource Languages in Multilingual NMT: A Case Study on Limbum-English Translation

arXiv:2608. 07629v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multilingual neural machine translation models such as NLLB-200 cover 200 languages but leave thousands unsupported, including most Grassfields Bantu languages of Cameroon.

By Samiratu Ntohsi, Neza David Tuyishimire, Anesu Kafesu, Marvin Ogore, Samuel Oluwajunwonlo Babalola, Oche Ankeli

llms rag nlp fine-tuning

arXiv Machine Learning

Aug 5

M-GATE: Multilingual Grammar, Accuracy in Translation, and Efficiency Benchmark for Large Language Models

arXiv:2608. 03803v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multilingual language models are deployed across a hundred or more languages, yet most benchmarks test whether a model can perform a task _in_ a language rather than whether it commands the language itself, conflating fluency with proficiency.

By Tom\'a\v{s} Burkert, Angelika Peljak-{\L}api\'nska, David Zelen\'y

llms nlp benchmarks safety

arXiv AI

Oct 15

Back-Translation Still Matters: Leveraging Monolingual Data for Low-Resource Machine Translation with LLMs

arXiv:2610.18818v2 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Pre-trained Large Language Model (LLMs) are effective on many tasks in zero-shot and few-shot settings. For machine translation of low-resource langu...

By Divyanshu Bathla, Parag Singla, Jitin Singla

llms nlp fine-tuning

arXiv Computation and Language

Sep 10

MultiSynt/MT: Trillion-Token Multi-Parallel Pre-Training Data Translated Across 36 Languages

arXiv:2607.00890v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Open web-scale pre-training corpora remain concentrated in English, limiting multilingual LLM development. We introduce MultiSynt/MT, an open synth...

By Maximilian Idahl, J\"org Tiedemann, Sampo Pyysalo, David Salinas, Tomasz Galica, Shenbin Qian, Tudor Nicolae Mateiu, Zihao Li, Anna Lokrantz, Fedor Vitiugin, Andr\'e F. T. Martins, Jenna Kanerva, Filip Ginter, Matthias Lindemann, Tim Isbister, Birger Moell, Jonas Lindh, Jan Haji\v{c}, Jenia Jitsev, Andrey Kutuzov, Stephan Oepen, Gema Ram\'irez-S\'anchez

llms benchmarks

arXiv Computation and Language

Sep 7

EuroAlpaca: Task-Preserving Localisation of Instruction Data for European Languages

EuroAlpaca presents a task‑preserving localisation pipeline that translates English instruction‑tuning data into 50 European languages while maintaining task‑critical constraints. The method uses field‑wise machine translation or reconstructs task‑equivalent target‑language instances, followed by validation of coherence and consistency. Experiments show that EuroAlpaca improves instruction‑following accuracy by 12.9% over a baseline and outperforms direct translation on ROUGE‑L and F‑BERT metrics.

By Aleix Sant, Jordi Luque, Carlos Escolano

llms nlp fine-tuning benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jul 1

Cross-lingual Relation Extraction with Large Language Models: Zero-Shot, Few-Shot, and Fine-Tuned Evaluation on Romanian

arXiv:2606. 31718v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Relation extraction (RE) for low-resource languages is typically constrained by the lack of annotated corpora.

By Dragos-Mitrut Vasile, Elena-Simona Apostol, Stefan-Adrian Toma, Adrian Paschke, Ciprian-Octavian Truica

llms fine-tuning benchmarks

arXiv AI

Aug 25

Towards a resource for multilingual lexicons: an MT assisted and human-in-the-loop multilingual parallel corpus with multi-word expression annotation

arXiv:2011.03783v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this work, we introduce the construction of a machine translation (MT) assisted and human-in-the-loop multilingual parallel corpus with an...

By Lifeng Han, Najet Hadj Mohamed, Malak Rassem, Gareth Jones, Alan Smeaton, Goran Nenadic

nlp benchmarks

arXiv Computation and Language

Sep 25

EnSiTa - A Trilingual Multi-Domain Parallel Dataset and Benchmark for Domain-Specific Machine Translation

EnSiTa is a trilingual multi‑domain parallel dataset and benchmark for English, Sinhala, and Tamil. It contains human post‑edited training data across seven domains and professionally translated test sets for those domains plus an additional one, all produced through a multi‑year, rigorously quality‑controlled process. The authors use EnSiTa to conduct a comprehensive study of domain‑specific machine translation across six language directions, comparing from‑scratch Transformers, pre‑trained models, and decoder‑only LLMs under various training‑data sizes, model scales, and domain settings.

By Surangika Ranathunga, Nisansa de Silva, Aloka Fernando, Kavindu Warnakulasuriya, Isuru Wijesiri, Menan Velayuthan, Charitha Rathnayaka, Thivaharan Varatharajan, Sajeevi Silva, Piumi Kandanaarachchi, Uthayasanker Thayasivam

llms nlp fine-tuning benchmarks

arXiv AI

Jun 9

Multilingual Training and Evaluation Resources for Vision-Language Models

arXiv:2604. 18347v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision Language Models (VLMs) achieved rapid progress in the recent years.

By Daniela Baiamonte, Elena Fano, Matteo Gabburo, Stefano Simonazzi, Leonardo Rigutini, Andrea Zugarini

llms multimodal benchmarks

arXiv Computation and Language

Sep 2

Unified Multi-Dialectal Neural Machine Translation for Bangla Using the Dwadash Benchmark Corpus

arXiv:2608.12018v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neural Machine Translation (NMT) and Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at cross-lingual tasks but often fail to capture intra-lingual morphologica...

By Rakib Ullah, Md. Ruhul Islam, Tanbir Ahmed, Nayan Kumar Nath

llms nlp efficiency benchmarks

Hugging Face Trending Papers

Jul 1

MultiSynt/MT: Trillion-Token Multi-Parallel Pre-Training Data Translated Across 36 Languages

Open web-scale pre-training corpora remain concentrated in English, limiting multilingual LLM development. We introduce MultiSynt/MT, an open synthetic parallel corpus with approximately 4.

llms benchmarks

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