The paper introduces MARETopic, a training‑free framework that identifies topics by selecting rank‑based prototype documents from pretrained embeddings. By projecting embeddings onto a low‑dimensional manifold and building ranked neighborhood lists, a greedy algorithm picks exactly K exemplar texts whose neighborhoods cover the corpus. Two variants—MARETopic_Corr, which uses a query‑performance predictor and rank correlation, and MARETopic_Diff, which employs a rank‑based diffusion matrix—achieve higher purity and NMI on benchmark datasets and run significantly faster, while also improving topic coherence and vocabulary diversity through a novel Maximal Marginal Relevance step.
By Thiago C\'esar Castilho Almeida, Daniel Carlos Guimar\~aes Pedronette
The article introduces MedGPT Clinical Explorer (MCE), a conditional‑strategy framework designed to aid complex lung cancer decision‑making by explicitly mapping patient conditions to pathway eligibility, deferral, and redirection. In a study with 250 physicians across 98 institutions, MCE‑assisted strategies achieved higher Admissible Pathway Attainment Scores (APAS) than unaided or retrieval‑reference approaches, indicating more comprehensive inclusion of clinically relevant content and coherent links among pathways, conditions, and actions. The authors suggest that MCE’s shared decision object could improve transparency of omissions and contingencies, warranting prospective evaluation of its impact on workflow and patient outcomes.
By Daoyun Wang, Zhicheng Huang, Huaiyuan Sun, Jiaqi Xu, Xiaowei Xu, Zhibo Zheng, Zhongxing Bing, Yuxiao Lin, Yicheng Liang, Chao Gao, Bowen Xue, Kai Zhang, Song Xu, Wanpu Yan, Hui Xia, Lin Li, Xiang Yan, Mu Hu, Qianli Ma, Zhiqiang Xue, Xiaofang Liu, Zhihai Han, Nan Zhang, Chuanhao Tang, Tongmei Zhang, Lan Song, Zhaohui Zhu, Xuan Zeng, Shafei Wu, Hui Guan, Lei Deng, Huaxia Yang, Zeliang Lian, Wubin Sun, Yongxin Wang, Xiaohui Shen, Binlin Wang, Tiantian Gu, Yu Cui, Li Zhang, Shirui Wang, Naixin Liang
A useful visual representation is a statistic of the observed past that retains the latent factors shared with the future and discards patch-private noise. We formalize this requirement as a condition...
The paper introduces a pipeline that localizes frames from historical PTZ maritime video onto a reference panorama and uses context-aware sampling to build compact, scene‑specific training sets for ship detection. By enriching frames with weather and solar metadata and applying diversity sampling, the method reduces 40,718 candidate frames to just 220 for annotation, achieving a 99.5% reduction. Fine‑tuned YOLOv26‑m on this curated subset attains high detection performance (AP50 ≈ 94.8% and AP50‑95 ≈ 75.1%).
The paper introduces Domain Recentering with Confidence Calibration (DRC), a training‑free technique that adapts CLIP to unlabeled target images by fitting a Gaussian mixture and applying posterior‑weighted mean subtraction, followed by a log‑prior correction based on confidence‑weighted predictions. DRC improves cross‑domain accuracy, surpassing zero‑shot CLIP by 4.13 and 5.07 points on ViT‑B/16 and ResNet‑50, and maintains gains under ImageNet distribution shifts.
ASCIIBench is a new benchmark that evaluates large language models on generating and classifying ASCII-text images, using a dataset of 5,315 labeled ASCII images. The authors also release a fine‑tuned CLIP model adapted to capture ASCII structure for evaluation. Their analysis shows that cosine similarity on CLIP embeddings fails to separate most categories, indicating a representation bottleneck rather than generational variance.
By Kerry Luo, Michael Fu, Joshua Peguero, Husnain Malik, Anvay Patil, Joyce Lin, Megan Van Overborg, Ryan Sarmiento, Kevin Zhu
PHONOS is a real‑time streaming module for speaker anonymization that neutralizes accent cues by converting non‑native segmental realizations toward a target accent domain. It uses pre‑generated golden utterances that preserve timbre and rhythm, aligning them with silence‑aware DTW and applying zero‑shot voice conversion to supervise a causal accent translator. The system achieves an 81% reduction in non‑native accent confidence, improves accentedness ratings, reduces speaker linkability in embedding space, and operates with ≤241 ms end‑to‑end latency on a single GPU.
By Waris Quamer, Mu-Ruei Tseng, Ghady Nasrallah, Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna
LiSeCo is a lightweight, gradient‑free method that controls language generation by directly intervening on the hidden activations of a token in embedding space. It uses control‑theoretic techniques to steer the generation trajectory away from undesired semantic regions and into a predefined allowed region, ensuring fine‑grained attribute control. The approach is computationally efficient, minimally impacts generation time, and is shown to be effective on tasks such as toxicity, sentiment, and bilingual language steering while preserving text quality.
By Emily Cheng, Carmen Amo Alonso
The paper introduces HIVE, a method for detecting hallucinations in diffusion large language models by leveraging hidden trajectory evidence. HIVE compresses hidden states, selects informative step-layer evidence, and uses continuous prefix embeddings to condition a verifier that outputs a hallucination score and diagnostics. Experiments on two diffusion LLMs and three QA benchmarks show that HIVE outperforms eight baselines and improves AUROC and AUPRC by several points over text-only verification.
By Guoshenghui Zhao, Tan Yu, Weijie Zhao
MetaHOPE is an error‑severity‑aware annotation framework designed to evaluate how well machine translation (MT) and large language models (LLMs) translate metaphors. The authors applied MetaHOPE to three state‑of‑the‑art systems—GoogleMT, GPT5.4, and Hunyuan‑7b—using two human‑annotated metaphor corpora (VUAMC and PSUCMC) for English‑to‑Chinese and Chinese‑to‑English translation. They also produced a bilingual post‑edited gold reference, creating a new resource for metaphor translation research.
By Jiahui Liang, Lifeng Han
MINER is a training‑free inference framework that enhances frozen dual‑encoder models for text‑to‑image retrieval when queries refer to small, visually subordinate objects in cluttered scenes. It augments the global image embedding with a bank of region‑level embeddings and applies hubness‑correcting similarity rescoring, thereby recovering visual evidence that global pooling underweights. The authors introduce ROCS, a benchmark derived from Flickr30K and MS COCO, and demonstrate that MINER improves retrieval performance across CLIP, SigLIP, and SigLIP 2 backbones on both ROCS and standard splits, attributing gains mainly to broader spatial coverage rather than precise crop placement.
By Abdulmalik Alquwayfili, Faisal AlMeshal, Jumanah Almajnouni, Huda Abdulhadi Alamri, Muhammad Kamran J Khan
AWM‑VLA introduces a unified framework that embeds aligned world modeling directly into a diffusion‑transformer vision‑language‑action policy. By adding learnable future tokens aligned with vision‑language embeddings of future observations, the policy can anticipate long‑term consequences while generating actions. The method extends this with an object‑centric alignment objective and a principled weighting scheme, achieving up to 21% higher success rates on RoboCasa and humanoid tabletop benchmarks and producing object‑centric rationales preferred by human raters in 83% of cases.
By An Lanji, Dawei Liu, Jin Li, Haoran Xu, Mei Chen, Yu Tian
The paper introduces O$^2$-VG, a unified framework for oriented object visual grounding in remote sensing images, comprising three complementary models: O$^2$-VG-Trans, a cross‑modality transformer; O$^2$-VG-Uni, which predicts universal oriented proposals; and O$^2$-VG-VLM, an autoregressive vision‑language model that generates oriented bounding boxes. It also presents DIOR‑R‑SVG, a new dataset containing image, expression, and oriented box triplets for training and evaluation. The framework demonstrates superior performance across multiple benchmarks and is supported by publicly available code.
By Zeyu Ding, Yong Zhou, Jiaqi Zhao, Wen-Liang Du, Xixi Li, Hancheng Zhu, Rui Yao, Abdulmotaleb El Saddik
The paper introduces RSMEB, a unified benchmark for remote‑sensing multimodal retrieval that evaluates both cross‑modal and interleaved retrieval across 21 tasks under a single ranking protocol. It also presents VLM2GeoVec, an instruction‑conditioned single‑encoder model that embeds image, text, bounding‑box, and geo‑coordinate tokens into one sequence and achieves state‑of‑the‑art performance on region‑caption, referring‑expression, and semantic geo‑aware retrieval while remaining competitive on conventional tasks. The authors provide code, checkpoints, and data on GitHub to facilitate reproducibility.
By Emanuel S\'anchez Aimar, Gulnaz Zhambulova, Fahad Shahbaz Khan, Yonghao Xu, Michael Felsberg
The study evaluates whether learned context planning can outperform strong retrieval methods in long-context multiple-choice question answering. Using 503 LongBench-v2 MCQ questions and a Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct model, the planner—trained on outcome-selected traces—achieves lower accuracy than anchored hybrid retrieval and BM25 across various character budgets. Even with tight budgets, the planner only marginally improves or matches retrieval, indicating that learned planning provides a weak relevance signal rather than a replacement for robust retrieval.
By Yingrui Li, Han Chen
LEGO is a dual‑module framework that combines a Legal Expert GraphRAG system with an expert Chain‑of‑Thought approach to enhance complex legal reasoning. The GraphRAG component uses an expert‑annotated civil code graph and a greedy normative‑coverage retrieval algorithm to extract relevant provision subgraphs, while the Chain‑of‑Thought module structures retrieved provisions and case facts into a Provision‑Fact‑Conclusion reasoning flow. Using a Qwen3‑8B backbone, LEGO achieves 40.53% exact‑match accuracy on LawExamQA_Civil, surpassing baseline RAG and CoT models and matching larger models on multi‑hop and open‑ended benchmarks, with ablation studies confirming the complementary benefits of both modules.
By Qingjing Chen, Junkai Zhang, Shaochun Wang, Jiahao Ding, Siyuan Zheng, Yukun Yan, Zhi Zheng, Antonino Rotolo, Yun Liu, Weixing Shen
The paper introduces AGVF, a multi‑agent framework for generating medical‑necessity appeals that must adhere to payer policy and evidence constraints. AGVF treats appeal synthesis as a Constrained Markov Decision Process involving five agents—policy formalization, evidence retrieval, gap analysis, adversarial critique, and gated synthesis—and proves that refining the policy constraint graph monotonically reduces evidence deficiency. A deterministic citation‑grounding gate ensures no unsupported assertions enter the shared state, and validation on 1,000 synthetic cases shows zero citation violations and monotonic deficiency reduction.
By Harshil Lodhiya, Alex McManus, Reese Walker
The paper introduces a hierarchy of four increasingly strict faithfulness criteria—discrimination, logical admissibility, monotonic logical faithfulness, and probabilistic logical faithfulness—for evaluating knowledge base completion models, particularly when the target is a description logic knowledge base. It demonstrates that ranking accuracy alone does not guarantee logical faithfulness and shows that current embedding models fail to satisfy any of the criteria across the hierarchy. The authors provide a formal grounding for the strongest criterion using relative model counts and evaluate several models on εL ontologies, revealing gaps between performance metrics and logical correctness.
By Olga Mashkova, Robert Hoehndorf
COPE (Continual Optimization with Personalized embedding and self-Evaluation) is a new framework that continually personalizes large language models using learnable user embeddings and self‑evaluation to generate proxy rewards. It integrates preference capture, self‑evaluation calibration, and personalized response optimization into a single update step, allowing continuous model updates even when explicit user feedback is sparse. Experiments demonstrate that COPE outperforms both training‑free and training‑based baselines, remains complementary to Retrieval‑Augmented Prompting, and shows reliable self‑evaluation, meaningful preference patterns, stable general capabilities, and robustness to shifting preferences and alternative evaluators.
By Ruike Cao, Fugen Yao, Liang Dong, Jian Xu, Guanjun Jiang, Li Xiao
The paper benchmarks static embedding models—Word2Vec, FastText, and Doc2Vec—for detecting anomalous HTTP requests using a single‑class classification framework. It introduces HEDA, a modular pipeline that trains both embeddings and detectors solely on benign traffic in an unsupervised setting. Experiments on synthetic and real datasets show that FastText embeddings consistently yield high detection rates with controlled false positives.
By Amanda Riverol, Gustavo Betarte, Rodrigo Mart\'inez, \'Alvaro Pardo