Large language models

Model releases, architecture work and prompting research on large language models — from frontier-lab announcements to the arXiv papers behind them.

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arXiv AI
Oct 2

UniGuardian: A Unified Defense for Detecting Prompt Injection, Backdoor Attacks and Adversarial Attacks in Large Language Models

UniGuardian is a training‑free detector for large language models that jointly identifies prompt injection, backdoor, and adversarial attacks—collectively called Prompt Trigger Attacks (PTA). It measures how structured prompt perturbations shift the model’s output distribution and uses a single‑forward strategy to detect attacks while generating text in a shared batched forward pass. Experiments show that UniGuardian accurately and efficiently identifies trigger‑activated prompts in LLMs.

By Huawei Lin, Yingjie Lao, Tony Geng, Tan Yu, Weijie Zhao
arXiv AI
Oct 2

Federated Learning for LLMs over Mobile Networks: Issues and Solutions in the RAN Transport

Federated fine‑tuning of large language models (LLMs) over mobile radio access networks (RANs) creates recurring, deadline‑sensitive communication workloads that are currently treated as independent device‑originated flows by transport networks. This mismatch hinders efficient resource provisioning, especially for optical circuit switching and all‑photonics transport that require predictable traffic. The paper proposes that future RANs act as learning‑aware traffic shapers, aggregating asynchronous user‑equipment updates at the gNB to produce fewer, bounded‑size transfers that can be scheduled on dynamically provisioned optical links, thereby combining packet‑based access flexibility with programmable transport capacity.

By Emilio Paolini, Andrea Pinto, Flavio Esposito, Luca Valcarenghi
arXiv Machine Learning
Oct 2

OpenTSLM TeeMoE: A Unified Time-Series Language Model for Forecasting, Contextual Prediction, and Reasoning

arXiv:2609.40265v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Real-world time-series applications increasingly require models that can handle time series forecasting, context-conditioned prediction, and language-b...

By Tony Chen, Timo Stoffregen, Maxwell Xu, Thomas Kaar, Martin Maritsch, Geremia Pompei, Nicolas Zumarraga, Robert Jakob, Paul Schmiedmayer, Patrick Langer, Juncheng Liu
arXiv Machine Learning
Oct 2

STARS: From Spatiotemporal Dynamics to Social Representations in Human-Robot Interaction

arXiv:2609.40245v2 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Robot navigation in dynamic, human-centered environments requires socially-compliant decisions grounded in robust scene understanding. Recent Vision-...

By Nathan Tsoi, Michael J. Munje, Tejas Oberoi, Rishab Maheshwari, Pengen Zheng, Tanush Chauhan, Peter Stone, Joydeep Biswas
arXiv AI
Oct 2

HHR: Hierarchical Hash Retrieval for Efficient LLM Generation

The paper introduces Hierarchical Hash Retrieval (HHR), a coarse‑to‑fine framework designed to improve hash‑based retrieval for large language models. HHR combines Geometry‑Aware Key Routing (GKR) to redistribute feature magnitudes and prune low‑logit keys, with Learned Hash Projection (LHP) to align Hamming distance with true query‑key relevance for fine‑grained retrieval. Experiments on diverse LLMs and benchmarks show that HHR outperforms existing methods, boosting LongBench scores by 1.10 points and achieving up to 3.30× decoding speedup at 128K context length for Llama‑3.1‑8B‑Instruct.

By Lianjun Liu, Tiantian Zheng, You Huang, Weiqi Yan, Mingte Qiu, Huazhong Liu, Xiaofeng Zhu, Yunshan Zhong