This work presents a general framework for training large language models (LLMs) to "Connect the Dots" (CoD), a meta-capability required by long-lifecycle agents: as an LLM-based AI agent gets deployed in an environment, it solves a long sequence of tasks while continuously exploring the environment, learning from its own experiences, and iteratively self-updating its context about the environment, thereby achieving progressively better performance on future tasks conditioned on the updated context. Major components of the CoD framework include: (1) algorithm design and infrastructure for end-to-end reinforcement learning (RL) with long rollout sequences interleaving solve-task and update-context episodes; (2) tasks and environments for incentivizing and eliciting the targeted meta-capability in LLMs during training, as well as for faithfully measuring progress during evaluation.
arXiv:2606. 18543v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Language model agents are becoming proficient executors at isolated, short-horizon tasks such as software engineering and customer service.
By Haozhe Chen, Karthik Narasimhan, Zhuang Liu
arXiv:2606. 18284v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The limiting resource for training agents via reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly frontier task supply: valid, solvable tasks just difficult enough to train the current model.
By Lorenz Wolf, Connor Watts, Roger Creus Castanyer, Geoffrey Bradway, Maxwill Lin, Augustine N. Mavor-Parker, Matthew Daborn-Sargent
arXiv:2606. 19116v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The World Wide Web was built on an assumption held for three decades: the primary consumer of web content is a human being.
By Eranga Bandara, Ross Gore, Ravi Mukkamala, Asanga Gunaratna, Safdar H. Bouk, Xueping Liang, Peter Foytik, Abdul Rahman, Sachini Rajapakse, Isurunima Kularathna, Pramoda Karunarathna, Chalani Rajapakse, Ng Wee Keong, Kasun De Zoysa, Tharaka Hewa, Amin Hass, Wathsala Herath, Aruna Withanage, Nilaan Loganathan, Atmaram Yarlagadda, Sachin Shetty
arXiv:2606. 18319v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Air Traffic Control Operators (ATCOs) are vital in ensuring the safe, orderly, and efficient flow of air traffic, yet training capacity is constrained by reliance on specialized human trainers known as simpilots, who must role-play both pilots and ATCOs in a simulated airspace.
By Ethan Chew, Enjia Wu, Iruss Eng Wei Yeow, Ian Weiqin Lim, Ranen Sim, Brandon Koh Ziheng, Kaleb Nim, Caden Toh Jun Yi, Wei Dong Soin, Darius Kai Keat Koh, Galen King Yu Tay, Prannaya Gupta, Jonathan Ee Fang Koong, Yong Zhi Lim
arXiv:2606. 18782v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models are increasingly applied to sensitive domains that require redaction of personally identifiable information (PII).
By Sean Brynj\'olfsson, Shashvat Jayakrishnan, Esha Sali, Diptanshu Purwar, Madhav Aggarwal
arXiv:2606. 18733v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Realistic coding-agent benchmarks often replay public GitHub issues and pull requests, making them vulnerable to overlap with model pretraining, fine-tuning, synthetic-data generation, or benchmark-driven model selection.
By Qiao Zhao, JianYing Qu, Jun Zhang, Yehua Yang, Hanwen Du, Zhongkai Sun
arXiv:2606. 19152v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Identifying the lowest-energy surface-adsorbate configuration is critical for modeling heterogeneous catalysis, yet exhaustive exploration with ab initio calculations is computationally prohibitive.
By Zongmin Zhang, Yuyang Lou, Bowen Zhang, Junwu Chen, Ryo Kuroki, Xuan Vu Nguyen, Edvin Fako, Lixue Cheng, Philippe Schwaller
arXiv:2604. 23716v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Information-theoretic (IT) measures are ubiquitous in artificial intelligence: entropy drives decision-tree splits and uncertainty quantification, cross-entropy is the default classification loss, mutual information underpins representation learning and feature selection, and transfer entropy reveals directed influence in dynamical systems.
By Nikolaos Al. Papadopoulos, Konstantinos E. Psannis
arXiv:2606. 19319v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Production data integration is bottlenecked by repeated, lossy handoffs between data owners, engineers, and analysts who must collaboratively discover, structure, and query enterprise data.
By Anoushka Vyas, Aarushi Dhanuka, Sina Khoshfetrat Pakazad, Henrik Ohlsson
arXiv:2606. 18664v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reliable sound source localization is fundamental to robot audition, enabling autonomous robots to perceive spatial cues and operate effectively in dynamic environments.
By Yizhuo Yang, Junqiao Fan, Shenghai Yuan, Lihua Xie
arXiv:2606. 19245v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) agents promise to accelerate drug discovery by compressing interpretation and decision-making loops, but practical deployment requires trusted evaluation on realistic program decisions.
By Hannah Le, Ramesh Ramasamy, Alex Urrutia, Mahsa Yazdani, Tim Proctor, Kenny Workman
arXiv:2606. 18268v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Community-based fact-checking that relies on cross-consensus is expanding rapidly on social media platforms.
By Changxi Wen, Shuning Zhang, Bohao Chu, Yuwei Chuai, Hui Wang, Dai Shi, Xin Yi, Hewu Li
arXiv:2606. 18890v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Improving GUI agents typically relies on behavior cloning on expert trajectories.
By Zhimin Fan, Hongwei Yu, Yeqing Shen, Haolong Yan, Guozhen Peng, Tianhao Peng, Yudong Zhang, Xiaowen Zhang, Kaijun Tan, Zheng Ge, Xiangyu Zhang, Daxin Jiang
arXiv:2605. 07022v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Manually curated biomedical repositories -- spanning bioactivity, genomics, and chemistry -- are expensive to maintain, lag behind primary literature, and discard experimental context, obscuring nuances needed to assess data correctness and coverage.
By Haydn Jones, Yimeng Zeng, Alden Rose, Li S. Yifei, Yining Huang, Kaiwen Wu, Jiaming Liang, Maggie Ziyu Huan, Yoseph Barash, Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez, Osbert Bastani, Zachary Ives, Mark Yatskar, Jacob R. Gardner
arXiv:2606. 18679v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study the problem of fair online resource allocation, motivated by applications such as refugee resettlement and airline scheduling, where agents arrive sequentially and must be assigned to facilities with limited capacities.
By Christopher En, Yuri Faenza, Andrea Lodi, Gonzalo Mu\~noz
arXiv:2605. 22142v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning under partial observability requires deciding what information to retain, yet most memory-based approaches do not explicitly model short-term-to-long-term transfer of symbolic observations.
By Taewoon Kim, Vincent Fran\c{c}ois-Lavet, Michael Cochez
arXiv:2606. 18256v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: LLM-based chatbots are increasingly applied in interpersonal domains such as counseling and peer support, where establishing human-AI rapport is crucial yet remains challenging.
By Yoonseok Oh, Inseo Jung, Jinkyu Kim, Jungbeom Lee, Minwoo Kang, Suhong Moon
arXiv:2606. 19297v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Embodied Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are typically obtained by fine-tuning powerful pretrained VLMs on robotics data, yet it is unclear how much commonsense and factual knowledge they retain after adaptation.
By Nikita Kachaev, Andrey Moskalenko, Matvey Skripkin, Nikita Kurlaev, Daria Pugacheva, Albina Burlova, Mikhail Kolosov, Denis Shepelev, Andrey Kuznetsov, Elena Tutubalina, Aleksandr I. Panov, Alexey K. Kovalev, Vlad Shakhuro
arXiv:2508. 21720v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Automating scientific poster generation requires hierarchical document understanding and coherent content-layout planning.
By Jiho Choi, Seojeong Park, Seongjong Song, Hyunjung Shim