arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 3

Sim2Signal: Sim-to-Real Benchmarks for Traffic Signal Control

Sim2Signal is a benchmark designed to systematically measure the Sim-to-Real gap in traffic signal control by decomposing it into observation, action, transition, and reward gaps. The study evaluates 18 mitigation methods across 33 gap settings and 10 calibrated networks from five real-world locations, finding that direct transfer degrades performance but mitigation effectiveness varies by network and gap type. The most effective approaches tend to estimate the specific changes caused by each gap rather than relying on domain randomization or invariant representations.

By Ferdous Al Rafi, Susrik Mukherjee, Latika Liladhar Dekate, Jennifer Yawa Lavoe, Huaiyuan Yao, Shlok Mohanty, Longchao Da, Xuesong Zhou, Hua Wei
arXiv AI
Sep 16

Large Language Models in the Loop: A Stability- and Network-Aware Survey in Networked Control, Cyber-Physical, and Multi-Agent Systems

The article surveys how large language models (LLMs) can be incorporated into networked control systems, cyber‑physical systems, and multi‑agent networks without violating stability and safety guarantees. It proposes treating the LLM as a slow supervisor that sets high‑level goals, while a fast, certified inner loop preserves physical stability. The survey maps LLM characteristics—such as inference latency, API failures, tokenization, and hallucinations—to classical control challenges and highlights the growing gap between model capability and formal safety assurances, calling for future research on stability proofs.

By Haiping Du, Linping Chan
arXiv AI
Sep 30

Neuro-Symbolic Computer Use: Learning Reusable Policies for Reliable and Efficient Execution

The paper introduces neuro‑symbolic computer use, a method that learns reusable policies to execute recurring computer workflows efficiently. Instead of re‑planning each run, the learned policy encodes stable decisions (ordering, variables, loops, branches) into executable code while delegating observation‑dependent decisions to neural models. Using neuro‑symbolic policy iteration, the approach iteratively refines the policy from a single agent trajectory, diagnoses failures, and revises the code with a coding model, achieving superior Pass^3 scores and significant reductions in per‑run cost and latency on OSWorld‑Verified and ScienceBoard benchmarks.

By Hyewon Suh, Thanh Minh Nguyen, Chih-Lun Lee, Darrow Hartman, Lizhao Liu, Xin Eric Wang, Ang Li, Jiachen Yang