arXiv Machine Learning November 6, 2026 By Jony Karki, Dongzhou Huang, Yunpeng Zhao

Variational Estimators for Node Popularity Models

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The paper introduces a variational expectation‑maximization (VEM) framework for estimating node popularity in bipartite networks, specifically targeting the Two‑Way Node Popularity Model (TNPM). It demonstrates label consistency for community assignments and shows through simulations that the method outperforms existing algorithms in both bipartite and undirected networks. Real‑world experiments confirm the approach’s practical effectiveness and robustness.

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