Turn-level Multiscale Density Ratio Estimation for LLM Agents
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The paper introduces Turn-level Multiscale Density Ratio Estimation (tlm‑DRE), a post‑training technique for large language model agents that assigns varying weights to different turns and employs asymmetric token‑level training based on positive‑negative gaps across multiple turns. Unlike conventional alignment methods such as PPO, DPO, DIL, and GRPO, which mainly target single‑turn tasks, tlm‑DRE is designed for complex multi‑turn reasoning. Experiments on diverse agent benchmarks demonstrate that tlm‑DRE competes with traditional alignment methods and enables LLMs to perform robustly in both in‑domain and out‑of‑domain multi‑turn tasks.
PlanPO introduces a group planning-aware policy optimization method for multi-turn agentic large language models, addressing the issue of advantage collapse caused by treating all successful trajectories equally. By incorporating coarse-to-fine advantage signals that reflect differences in trajectory and turn lengths, PlanPO encourages agents to learn generalizable planning and generation behaviors. Experiments show a 27.2% average improvement over GRPO on benchmarks such as ALFWorld, WebShop, and SciWorld, with minimal extra training cost.
The paper introduces Align‑LoRA, a unified LoRA framework for multi‑task learning that replaces complex, isolated adapter designs with a single‑adapter model enhanced by a higher rank and an explicit alignment loss. It demonstrates that a router‑free, multi‑head model with high inter‑head redundancy can outperform more elaborate baselines, and that a unified LoRA can achieve competitive performance while enabling weight merging and zero inference latency. Extensive experiments and theoretical analysis confirm that Align‑LoRA surpasses prevailing approaches, offering a simpler, production‑friendly paradigm for parameter‑efficient fine‑tuning of large language models.
Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training for large language models (LLMs) follows a efficient paradigm of "rollout then update", which inevitably results in off-policy training data. To resolve this, Importance sampling (IS) is proposed, while the token-level ratios compound over long sequences, causing severe variance exploded.
The paper introduces the task of predicting alignment generalization, which measures how fine‑tuning a language model to follow a specific value affects its behavior across a broad set of other values. Through a large‑scale study of 66 values, the authors show that representations derived from model activations when applying values in context outperform textual description‑based methods, achieving a correlation of 0.45 versus 0.05. They further demonstrate that these representations can predict downstream robustness and help construct a taxonomy of LLM values based on empirical generalization dynamics.
arXiv:2610.33451v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) arise from the synergy of the full training pipeline, including data and t...