arXiv Machine Learning By Sanyam Jain, Felix Simon Reimers, Stefano Nichele

Self-Replicating Neural Cellular Automata: Quantifying Emergent Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity in an OpenEnded Substrate

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The paper investigates a cellular‑automata substrate where each pixel hosts a tiny neural network that senses its neighbors and survives only by self‑replication with mutated weights. Starting from a few founders, the system evolves into a spatially organized ecosystem of competing species, and the authors introduce coarse‑grained metrics to quantify phenotypic and genotypic diversity at two scales. Experiments show that high phenotypic diversity reduces genotypic diversity and vice versa, and that full‑genome hash colouring reveals lineage structures missed by random‑weight probes.

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