arXiv:2606. 18860v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reliable pixel-level uncertainty quantification holds the potential to transform clinical workflows by enabling high-fidelity longitudinal monitoring and distinguishing true pathological changes from artifacts.
By Hana Jebril, Thomas Pinetz, G\"unter Klambauer, Hrvoje Bogunovi\'c
arXiv:2604. 15271v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reliable uncertainty estimation is critical for medical image segmentation, where automated contours feed downstream quantification and clinical decision support.
By Tianhao Fu, Austin Wang, Charles Chen, Roby Aldave-Garza, Yucheng Chen
arXiv:2609.23815v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Medical image segmentation models typically rely on large amounts of densely annotated volumetric data, limiting their scalability across tasks and ima...
By Georgios Triantafyllou, Dimitris K. Iakovidis
arXiv:2606. 15837v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) frequently fail to generalize to out-of-distribution (OOD) medical images because of variations in scanners and acquisition protocols.
By Jimut B. Pal, Suyash P. Awate
The paper introduces Contrastive Uncertainty Learning (CUL), a supervised framework that leverages voxel‑wise predictive uncertainty to guide representation learning for multi‑structure segmentation in lower‑pelvic MRI. Using Monte Carlo Dropout, CUL identifies uncertain voxels and shapes the embedding space so that low‑uncertainty, correctly predicted features become stable while high‑uncertainty or misclassified features are repelled, preventing feature collapse at challenging boundaries. Evaluated on 589 prostate MRI scans with a ViT‑based UperNet decoder, CUL achieves comparable Dice scores to a baseline while significantly reducing surface distance for most structures, and ablation studies confirm the necessity of both uncertainty‑guided sampling and the contrastive objective.
By Bilal Sidiqi, Yipei Wang, Wen Yan, Shaheer U. Saeed, Daniel C. Alexander, Yipeng Hu
The paper investigates how the CutMix data augmentation technique affects reliability and robustness in semantic segmentation. It evaluates two architectures—CNN-based DeepLabV3+ and transformer-based SegFormer—on both in-domain and out-of-domain data. Results show that CutMix has a minor effect on segmentation accuracy but consistently improves reliability, especially under distribution shifts, by enhancing calibration and uncertainty quality.
By Steven Landgraf, Markus Ulrich