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Real vs. Complex Spectral Bases for Neural Operators: The Role of Green's Function Alignment

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Fourier Neural Operators (FNO) learn solution operators of partial differential equations by parameterizing global convolutions in the complex Fourier domain. For real-valued PDE solutions, the complex FFT carries representational redundancy through conjugate symmetry.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 31

Euclidean Fourier Neural Operators

Euclidean Fourier Neural Operators (EFNOs) extend Fourier neural operators by making the spectral kernel a continuous function of physical wavevectors, thereby removing dependence on specific periodic domain shapes and sizes. This domain‑independent formulation allows EFNOs to learn operators that generalize across different grid resolutions and domain geometries. Experiments on a heat equation and a materials‑science task demonstrate that EFNOs can successfully transfer learned mappings to unseen grid sizes and crystal structures.

By Nathanael Bosch, Niklas Frederik Schmitz, Michael F. Herbst