arXiv Machine Learning By Kyriakos Stylianopoulos, Mattia Fabiani, Giulia Torcolacci, Davide Dardari, George C. Alexandropoulos

Over-The-Air Extreme Learning Machines with Nonlinear Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces

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The paper proposes an eXtremely Large MIMO system that functions as an Extreme Learning Machine for over‑the‑air binary classification. It uses cascaded metasurfaces, with a front layer providing a fixed nonlinear activation and subsequent tunable linear layers implementing trained weights directly in the wave domain. Numerical results on various datasets show that this low‑complexity, wave‑domain architecture achieves classification accuracy comparable to ideal digital models.

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