ORBITER: Conflict-Aware Decision-Making for Agentic Last-Mile Delivery
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ORBITER is a new framework for next‑order decision‑making in last‑mile delivery that uses large language models (LLMs) to reason about courier spatiotemporal states and visible orders. It structures decision points with local trade‑offs, ranks candidates via fixed proposers, and employs a critic to verify decisions against gathered evidence. Experiments on data from four cities show ORBITER outperforms state‑of‑the‑art baselines by up to 9.2% on average.
DeliveryGym is a 3D reinforcement learning environment that simulates continuous courier shifts, integrating multimodal tool interaction and persistent world dynamics to compute trajectory rewards based on simulator events. It provides feedback on resource consumption—time, energy, and money—across entire delivery trajectories, enabling agents to learn planning that balances immediate task success with long‑term constraints. The environment also adapts future training shifts to a policy’s weaknesses while keeping evaluation fixed, demonstrating that both learning from complete shifts and targeted training improve agent performance on complex delivery tasks.
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DeliveryGym is a 3D reinforcement learning environment that simulates continuous courier shifts, integrating multimodal tool interaction, persistent world dynamics, and trajectory‑based rewards derived from simulator events. It allows agents to learn how their decisions affect time, energy, and money across an entire shift, and it adapts future training shifts to the policy’s weaknesses while keeping evaluation fixed. Experiments on six models and 13 city maps show a significant gap between task execution and optimal sequencing, with RL improving Qwen3‑VL‑4B’s net income by 54.3% and adaptive training boosting test income by 16.5% over uniform sampling.
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