arXiv AI By Aaron Wang, Neelabh Madan, Vlad Sobal, Matthew Trager, Michael Kleinman, Elman Mansimov, Wei Xia, Stefano Soatto

On the Clock: Towards Punctual and Productive Time-Budgeted AI Agents

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The paper investigates whether small large language model agents can operate within explicit wall‑clock time budgets while using the allotted time productively. Experiments with Qwen3.6‑27B on MLE‑Bench Lite and Qwen3‑4B on Zork I show that agents fail to translate budget statements into controlled time use, largely due to lack of timing feedback and poor anticipation of action durations. Interventions such as harness‑based timing exposure, enforcement hooks, and reinforcement learning with budget‑aware rewards improve budget adherence but do not lead to better task performance, revealing a persistent gap between respecting time limits and effectively allocating extra time.

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