Multi-Modal Environment-Aware Beam Management for Massive MIMO: A Geometry-Driven Virtual Base Station Framework

The paper presents a geometry-driven framework for beam management in high-frequency massive MIMO systems. It constructs an offline virtual base station database using 3D LiDAR point clouds and location data to model dominant reflection paths, enabling a coarse channel reconstruction. A VBS-assisted orthogonal-pilot scheme and a dual-agent dueling double deep Q-network are then employed to refine beam estimates and perform coordinated beam selection, yielding improved training efficiency and performance over existing baselines.

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• agents
• reinforcement-learning
• multimodal