The Model Context Protocol (MCP), introduced by Anthropic in November 2024, defines a standardized interface for connecting large language models (LLMs) to external tools, data sources, and services. Within months of release, hundreds of community-built MCP servers appeared on GitHub, but no software-maintenance literature has yet described how the ecosystem is being structured in production.
arXiv:2606. 30317v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The Model Context Protocol (MCP), introduced by Anthropic in November 2024, defines a standardized interface for connecting large language models (LLMs) to external tools, data sources, and services.
By Carson Rodrigues, Oysturn Vas
Hybrid Semantic Tool Discovery for Enterprise MCP Gateway presents SCOUT, a system that addresses two major challenges in large language model (LLM) agent tool usage: a context‑engineering bottleneck and a tool discoverability barrier. SCOUT reframes tool exposure as a context‑selection problem, injecting only relevant tools into the model’s context window and providing two MCP meta‑tools—tool_search and execute_tool—to perform hybrid retrieval via BM25 and dense vector search. In production at PayPal, SCOUT cuts MCP tool‑token consumption by 99%, dramatically reducing per‑query inference cost while remaining model‑agnostic and requiring no client‑side changes.
By Olympia Saha, Amy Wang, Srinivasan Manoharan
arXiv:2608.22063v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Agents built on Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly reach enterprise data through the Model Context Protocol (MCP), and many MCP database servers...
By Bartolomeo Bogliolo
arXiv:2609.14157v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed with external tools that extend what they can do beyond their own knowledge. Tools help on tasks...
By Saanvi Paturi, Arsen Kenzhebayev, Arham Sethi, Vyas Raina, Ivaxi Sheth, Vatsal Raina
arXiv:2507.21790v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming widely used to support various workflows across different disciplines, yet their potential in discr...
By Georges Sfeir, Gabriel Nova, Stephane Hess, Sander van Cranenburgh