HybridCUA: Learning to Orchestrate GUI and CLI for Computer-Use Agents
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arXiv:2609.38008v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computer use agents (CUAs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in completing digital tasks. However, existing CUAs either rely solely on graphical us...
CUA-Universe is a scalable environment-to-data pipeline that transforms real desktop software into hybrid GUI+CLI environments, enabling agents to coordinate visual inspection with command-line operations. It includes App-Forge for reproducible VMs and CLI surfaces, Task-Weave for generating diverse hybrid tasks, and Path-Steer for efficient rollouts and trajectory harvesting. Training on this data improves agent success and efficiency across multiple benchmarks, demonstrating the value of hybrid interaction.
ToolCUA is an end‑to‑end agent that learns to optimally orchestrate GUI actions and tool calls for Computer Use Agents. It introduces a staged training pipeline that first scales interleaved GUI‑tool trajectories from static GUI data, then bootstraps decision making with single‑turn reinforcement learning, and finally refines performance via online agentic RL guided by a tool‑efficient path reward. On the OSWorld‑MCP benchmark, ToolCUA achieves 46.85% accuracy, a 66% relative improvement over the baseline and a 3.9% gain over GUI‑only models, setting a new state of the art for comparable‑scale models.
arXiv:2606. 09426v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computer-use agents (CUAs) increasingly operate in runtimes that combine visual desktop control, command-line execution, code editing, browsers, and external tools.
arXiv:2606. 24551v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computer-use agents can execute software tasks through either graphical interfaces or programmatic command interfaces, but existing evaluations confound interaction modality with differences in tasks, initial states, verifiers, and permitted actions.
arXiv:2606. 28480v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As large language models and harness frameworks continue to advance, agents operating in terminals are increasingly capable of performing a broader range of general computer-use tasks beyond coding.