CUA-Universe is a scalable environment-to-data pipeline that transforms real desktop software into hybrid GUI+CLI environments, enabling agents to coordinate visual inspection with command-line operations. It includes App-Forge for reproducible VMs and CLI surfaces, Task-Weave for generating diverse hybrid tasks, and Path-Steer for efficient rollouts and trajectory harvesting. Training on this data improves agent success and efficiency across multiple benchmarks, demonstrating the value of hybrid interaction.
By Haoting Shi, Wenhao Wang, Weicheng Fang, Yaozhong Liang, Tian Jin, Pengxiang Zhao, Guangyi Liu, Siheng Chen, Yanfeng Wang
arXiv:2609.22000v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Computer-use agents (CUAs) have advanced along two separate lines: graphical interaction and software development through code and the command line. Re...
By Shuai Bai, Jiayong Deng, Yikun Fu, Chang Gao, Xuhao Hu, Mianqiu Huang, Yizhen Jiang, Yuheng Jing, Dehui Kong, Keliang Li, Ning Li, Wanli Li, Dayiheng Liu, Dunjie Lu, Changwei Luo, Que Shen, Zheyuan Wang, Zijian Wang, Jie Wu, Gao Wu, Zhihui Xie, Rui Xie, Haiyang Xu, An Yang, Jiakang Yuan, Yanming Zhang, Jiajun Zhang, Xi Zhang, Zhenru Zhang, Zhuo Zhen, Mingkang Zhu, Bowen Zhou
arXiv:2604. 13072v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: OpenClaw-style personal assistants extend LLM agents from isolated tool use to open-ended, stateful, and personalized software environments.
By Xiang Long, Li Du, Yilong Xu, RongJian Xu, Qiyanhui Lu, Ying Gao, Qinhua Xie, Fangcheng Liu, Ning Ding, Haoqing Wang, Ziheng Li, Changjiang Zhou, Jianyuan Guo, Yehui Tang
arXiv:2609.38008v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Computer use agents (CUAs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in completing digital tasks. However, existing CUAs either rely solely on graphical us...
By Tongbo Chen, Junbo Niu, Zhengxi Lu, Niu Lian, Fei Tang, Yuchen Yan, Yike Hong, Yong Du, Yizhou Liu, Bofan Chen, Yongliang Shen
Computer use agents (CUAs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in completing digital tasks. However, existing CUAs either rely solely on graphical user interface (GUI) interactions, which are often...
arXiv:2606. 28480v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As large language models and harness frameworks continue to advance, agents operating in terminals are increasingly capable of performing a broader range of general computer-use tasks beyond coding.
By Shoufa Chen, Luyuan Wang, Xuan Yang, Zhiheng Liu, Yuren Cong, Yuanfeng Ji, Feiyan Zhou, Xiaohui Zhang, Fanny Yang, Belinda Zeng
arXiv:2606. 24551v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computer-use agents can execute software tasks through either graphical interfaces or programmatic command interfaces, but existing evaluations confound interaction modality with differences in tasks, initial states, verifiers, and permitted actions.
By Xiao Zhou, Siyue Zhang, Yilun Zhao, Jinbiao Wei, Tingyu Song, Arman Cohan, Chen Zhao
arXiv:2606. 07682v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI agents are increasingly expected to complete long-horizon workflows that require sustained progress over hours, millions of tokens, and complex environments.
By Rishi Desai, Jesse Hu, Joan Cabezas, Neel Harsola, Pratyush Shukla, Roey Ben Chaim, Adnan El Assadi, Omkaar Mukund Kamath, Fenil Faldu, Prannay Hebbar, Jiankai Sun, Yiyuan Li, Pramod Srinivasan, Ishan Gupta, Christopher Settles, Daniel Wang, Derek Chen, Pranav Raja, Albert Liu, Marek \v{S}uppa, Nevasini Sasikumar, Luyang Kong, Erik Quintanilla, Xiangyi Li, Ivan Bercovich, Steven Dillmann
JarvisGUI is a new benchmark that tests GUI agents on cross-device workflows involving Android, Windows, and Ubuntu, requiring transfer of intermediate results and coordination across heterogeneous platforms. It formulates tasks as input-output transformations under a lightweight type system, enabling automatic composition of multi-step, cross-device workflows and dynamic evaluation within a unified framework. The benchmark reveals that state-of-the-art open-source GUI agents struggle with state-transfer awareness, cross-platform contextual reasoning, and long-horizon dependency management, exposing a critical capability gap invisible to existing benchmarks.
By Zixiang Chen, Yuheng Lu, Zihao Cheng, Zeming Liu, Jizeng Bai, Ziye Huang, Zhiyin Lin, Zihan Li, Yuhang Guo, Yunhong Wang, Haifeng Wang
arXiv:2607. 22689v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Graphical user interface (GUI) agents are systems powered by large multimodal models (LMMs).
By Zedong Yu, Qianxing Li, Zhi Gao, Liuyu Xiang, Chenrui Shi, Yang Liu, Huiming Wu, Yujie Wei, Yuhao Fei, Yubo Fu, Zhaofeng He
ComponentBench is a new benchmark that evaluates computer‑use agents at the component level on modern web UIs. It contains 97 canonical UI components and 2,910 programmatically verified tasks, along with cleaned human reference trajectories for measuring task success and interaction efficiency. The benchmark also offers a scalable pipeline for auditing structural difficulty and synthesizing failure analyses across tasks and component families.
By Tianchen Guan, Xinlei Lin, Royce Cheng-Yue, Xiangjun Wang, Shuyan Zhou
arXiv:2605. 25160v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: GUI agents powered by large language models are advancing rapidly, creating urgent needs for evaluation and training based on realistic environments.
By Guohong Liu, Jialei Ye, Pengzhi Gao, Wei Liu, Jian Luan, Yunxin Liu, Yuanchun Li