arXiv AI
Aug 19

Can LLMs Reason in a Legally Meaningful Manner? A Small-scale Study on European Court of Human Rights Cases

The study examines whether large language models (LLMs) can perform legally meaningful reasoning by testing OpenAI GPT 5.4 on European Court of Human Rights case forecasting. Using various prompting strategies, the authors find that the model produces structurally complete but substantively shallow analyses, and that LLM-as-a-Judge evaluators are internally consistent yet only weakly aligned with human annotators. The expert-curated prompt yields more comprehensive reasoning but does not improve prediction accuracy, leading the authors to caution against relying solely on automated LLM evaluation or using task accuracy as a proxy for reasoning quality.

By Amogh Raina, Ilias Chalkidis, Daniel Hershcovich, Henrik Palmer Olsen
arXiv Computation and Language
Oct 22

AnnoCaseLaw: Legal Annotation Benchmark of Civil Negligence

arXiv:2503.00128v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Language models offer a way to scale costly, labour-intensive expert annotation, but their ability to reproduce expert judgements remains uncertain...

By Rilton Franzone, Magnus Sesodia, Alina Petrova, John Armour, Thomas Lukasiewicz, Oana-Maria Camburu, Puneet K. Dokania, Philip Torr, Christian Schroeder de Witt, Fabio J. Fehr