arXiv Machine Learning By Jorge A. Castillo, Marco Torres Y\'evenes, Juan Carlos Lanas

From Direction to Magnitude: How Multimodal Instruction-Tuning Reorganizes the Geometric Encoding of Identity-Specifying Prompts in Transformer Hidden States

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arXiv:2607. 09842v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate whether identity-specifying system prompts produce statistically distinguishable geometric fingerprints in the hidden-state trajectories of four open-weight transformer language models spanning four post-training regimes: no training (Gemma-4-E4B base), multimodal RLHF (Gemma-4-E4B-it), RL distillation (DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B), and SFT (Qwen2.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 27

Spectral Allocation: Why Muon Outperforms Adam, and How to Improve Muon

The paper investigates why the orthogonal optimiser Muon outperforms Adam in large language model pretraining by analysing the spectral properties of Transformer loss landscapes. It finds that Muon’s momentum buffers exhibit an anisotropic spectral profile with a volatile head and a tolerant bulk, enabling larger effective step sizes. Building on this insight, the authors propose Spectral‑Aware Muon (SAMuon) and a lightweight variant, which adjust the bulk scaling while keeping the head unchanged, achieving 13–24 % fewer training tokens than Muon without extra FLOPs.

By Xiaodong Wu, Wenyi Yu, Chao Zhang, Philip Woodland