arXiv AI By Praveenbalaji Rajendran, Mojtaba Safari, Wenfeng He, Mingzhe Hu, Shansong Wang, Jun Zhou, Xiaofeng Yang

Foundation Models in Medical Image Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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The article reviews foundation models (FMs) in medical image analysis, highlighting their shift from task‑specific AI to generalized representations learned from large datasets. It categorizes studies into vision‑only foundation models (VFMs) and vision‑language foundation models (VLFMs), mapping their architectures, training strategies, and clinical applications. The review includes quantitative analyses of dataset use, performance trends, and discusses challenges such as generalization, scalability, evaluation, fairness, and deployment, while proposing future research directions for robustness, interpretability, and clinical integration.

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