FORESEE-MS: Toward Prospective Spatial Forecasting of Future Multiple Sclerosis Lesions from Baseline FLAIR MRI

The paper introduces FORESEE-MS, a protocol for evaluating prospective spatial forecasting of future multiple sclerosis lesions using baseline FLAIR MRI. It compares a fold‑specific population‑prior atlas to five deep‑learning models (3D U‑Net, Attn+ResBlock+VAE, ViT, and two SwinUNETR variants) on voxel‑level discrimination (AUROC, AUPRC) and within‑patient lesion localization (Recall@Top‑K%). While the atlas achieved the best pooled AUROC and AUPRC, the 3D U‑Net and Attn+ResBlock+VAE showed higher within‑patient recall, though confidence intervals largely overlapped zero, leaving the benefit of patient‑specific predictive information uncertain in this small cohort.

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