The paper introduces "environment evolution," a method that incrementally raises the difficulty of interactive environments off‑policy, scheduling their generation across training generations to supply continuous learning signals. It derives three evolution directions tied to a multi‑turn learning objective and implements them via a loop‑engineered multi‑agent harness. Experiments with models such as Hy4 preview, Claude Opus 5, GPT‑5.6 Sol, Qwen3.6‑27B, and Qwen3.6‑35B‑A3B demonstrate that this approach consistently creates harder environments and boosts terminal‑agent performance on Terminal‑Bench 2.1 by 14.4–18.0 percentage points.
By Zhiyuan Fan, Tinghao Yu, Yuanjun Cai, Jiang Zhou, Jiangtao Guan, Jincheng Liu, Yun Yang, Dingxin Hu, Zhuo Han, Xing Wu, Feng Zhang, Lilin Wang
arXiv:2610.16523v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Training LLM agents to interact with users over multiple turns is challenging because the learning signal depends not only on the agent, but also on th...
By Min Cai, Dan Zhang, Gao Xing, Libin Ma, Zhaohui Xu, Xi Ye
arXiv:2605. 22166v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: LLM agents are shaped not only by their language models, but also by the runtime harness that mediates observation, tool use, action execution, feedback interpretation, and trajectory control.
By Tianshi Xu, Huifeng Wen, Meng Li
arXiv:2610.10426v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Terminal-agent capability depends jointly on model weights and the runtime harness that formats prompts, binds tools, and handles error recovery. Exist...
By Jixuan Chen, Jiaxin Zhang, Qinyuan Ye, Yada Pruksachatkun, Haoxiang Zhang, Jingming Zhuo, Yifan Zhang, Yutong Dai, Juntao Tan, Xiangyu Peng, Silvio Savarese, Zeyuan Chen, Lianhui Qin, Chien-Sheng Wu
Darwin‑Claw is a new framework for large language model agents that enables environment‑adaptive, self‑evolving behavior. It systematically distills episodic experiences into prototype vectors through a hierarchical experience consolidation system, providing context‑sensitive perception patches and explicit optimization signals for skill refinement. The method is deployable with mainstream agent systems and, according to experiments on WildClawBench, delivers significant performance gains while maintaining controllability and stability.
By Mingze Yin, Xiaohan Wang, Dian Li, Longfei Luo, Jiahong Yan, Yiheng Zhu, Chang-Yu Hsieh
arXiv:2608.05446v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Long-horizon LLM agents increasingly rely on external execution support to maintain state, track progress, recover from failures, and reuse experie...
By Xuying Ning, Dongqi Fu, Tianxin Wei, Yuanchen Bei, Xiyuan Yang, Wujiang Xu, Yueqi Song, Bingxuan Li, Zihao Li, Hanqing Zeng, Xiang Shen, Yajuan Wang, Yifan Wu, Qifan Wang, Jiayi Liu, Hong Li, Yinglong Xia, Xiangjun Fan, Hanghang Tong, Jingrui He