arXiv AI September 17, 2026 By Shijie Chen, Yu Gan, Yeounoh Chung, Jiani Zhang, Quannan Li, Sravan Babu Bodapati, Cody J. Greer, Yu Su, Fatma Ozcan

DualSQL: Text-to-SQL with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

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DualSQL is a Text-to-SQL system that uses two agents sharing a single model backbone, enabling joint optimization via multi-agent reinforcement learning. The approach incorporates three database access tools for multi-step reasoning, rollout guardrails to stabilize training, and a new SQL correctness metric called robust execution match (REX). Trained on only 3,755 examples, DualSQL-4B reaches 68.0% execution accuracy on the BIRD dev set, while DualSQL-8B achieves 71.1%, surpassing prior state‑of‑the‑art single‑model solutions with 32B parameters.

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