arXiv:2607. 23446v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A small language model can receive the governing statutory provision and still answer incorrectly.
By Moniruzzaman Mahadi, Abrar Mohammed Tanzim Alam, Sayma Siddika Monalisa, Mir Mohammad Asif Abdullah, Swakkhar Shatabda, Md Adnan Arefeen
The paper presents a smartphone‑compatible, retrieval‑augmented language model tailored to Bangladeshi statutory law. By distilling a 9‑billion‑parameter Gemma‑2 teacher into a 2‑billion‑parameter student using supervised fine‑tuning and QLoRA, the authors achieve significant gains in ROUGE‑L and BERTScore on an English benchmark while keeping the model lightweight (1.6 GB) and operable offline on a Pixel 6. The system retrieves from 36,029 statutory passages using a hybrid dense/BM25 approach, and cross‑lingual evaluation shows effective Bangla query handling against an English‑only corpus, with a practicing lawyer rating the responses highly in a pilot study.
By MD. Nafis Kamal, Mahadi Hasan Fahim, Talha Ridwan, Nadifa Zaman, Fariha Roushon Florin, Farig Yousuf Sadeque, Saadat Rafid Ahmed
arXiv:2610.32144v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: When a language model is asked whether its own answer is correct, three languages are involved: that of the question, that requested for the answer, an...
By Jewon Yeom, Jaewon Sok, Seonghyeon Park, Jeongjae Park, Hwiyeong Lee, Taesup Kim
The paper presents a retrieval‑augmented generation pipeline for answering regulatory compliance questions in finance. It builds a three‑stage retriever on LegalBERT and a compact 2B–12B generator served with 4‑bit quantization, achieving a Recall@10 of 0.774 on the ObliQA benchmark and improving answer quality via RAFT‑LoRA fine‑tuning. However, the adapted models fail to transfer to Australian case‑law questions, and a closed‑book model performs almost as well while lacking verifiable grounding.
By Tobias Deu{\ss}er, Abhishek Pillai, Aurelio F. Bariviera, Dhananjay Bhardwaj, Lorenz Sparrenberg, David Berghaus, Christian Bauckhage, Rafet Sifa
The paper presents an expert‑validated benchmark of 1,042 items across ten areas of Colombian law to assess the reliability of large language models (LLMs) on national legal systems outside the U.S. It evaluates 15 contemporary proprietary and open‑weight models, finding that while closed‑choice accuracy can be high (up to 0.905), free‑text factual correctness never exceeds 0.45. The study reveals a strong dissociation between answer relevance and correctness, systematic variation by legal area, and suggests that expert supervision and grounding in authoritative sources are needed for reliable Colombian legal tasks.
By Rub\'en Manrique, Michelle Castellanos, Jorge Morales, Juan David Guti\'errez, Antonio Barreto Rozo, Joaqu\'in V\'elez Navarro
arXiv:2604.19298v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: A benchmark leaderboard reports one accuracy number, but that number is a joint product of a model and a scoring rule. We ask what changes wh...
By Rajveer Singh Pall