The paper investigates whether fine‑tuning improves how language models use supplied Bangladeshi legal text in bilingual question‑answering. Using a hierarchy‑preserving statutory corpus, 2,165 fine‑tuning examples, and a 150‑item control set, the authors evaluate six instruction‑tuned models with multiple LoRA seeds, separating scoring, retrieval, and model effects. Results show that while fine‑tuning can boost overall accuracy, it does not increase the models’ reliance on the governing provision, highlighting the need to disentangle scorer, retriever, and model contributions in legal adaptation studies.
By Moniruzzaman Mahadi, Abrar Mohammed Tanzim Alam, Sayma Siddika Monalisa, Mir Mohammad Asif Abdullah, Swakkhar Shatabda, Md Adnan Arefeen
The paper presents a smartphone‑compatible, retrieval‑augmented language model tailored to Bangladeshi statutory law. By distilling a 9‑billion‑parameter Gemma‑2 teacher into a 2‑billion‑parameter student using supervised fine‑tuning and QLoRA, the authors achieve significant gains in ROUGE‑L and BERTScore on an English benchmark while keeping the model lightweight (1.6 GB) and operable offline on a Pixel 6. The system retrieves from 36,029 statutory passages using a hybrid dense/BM25 approach, and cross‑lingual evaluation shows effective Bangla query handling against an English‑only corpus, with a practicing lawyer rating the responses highly in a pilot study.
By MD. Nafis Kamal, Mahadi Hasan Fahim, Talha Ridwan, Nadifa Zaman, Fariha Roushon Florin, Farig Yousuf Sadeque, Saadat Rafid Ahmed
arXiv:2610.24764v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: This paper presents BanglaBBQ, a question-answering bias benchmark designed to capture stereotypes grounded in the Bangladeshi context, in both Ban...
By Sumit Anthony Gomes, Yasin Rahman, Taeeba Tasnia, Faiza Nooren Suhita
arXiv:2507.23248v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Bengali is spoken by more than 230 million people, yet no standardized instrument evaluates large language models (LLMs) on Bengali across th...
By Shimanto Bhowmik, Tawsif Tashwar Dipto, Md Sazzad Islam, Sheryl Hsu, Tahsin Reasat
arXiv:2606. 18699v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, yet their performance on jurisdiction-specific legal reasoning remains underexplored.
By Fei-Yueh Chen, Chun Huang Lin, Chan Wei Hsu, Kuan Hsuan Yeh, Zih-Ching Chen, Kuan-Ming Chen, Patrick Chung-Chia Huang
arXiv:2608.28645v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Low-resource languages without an adequate training corpus often use a related, higher-resource language as a scaffold for comprehension. Still, ther...
By Sindhu Shetty, Spurthi Setty, Natan Vidra