Defining Page-Centric Visual Document Retrieval and Evaluating Existing Benchmarks

The paper introduces page‑centric Visual Document Retrieval (VDR), treating pages as the primary indexing units while leveraging document context for relevance assessment. It distinguishes page and document retrieval granularities and three retrieval paradigms—independent‑item, evidence‑set, and iterative—then evaluates 42 existing benchmarks across eight criteria. The analysis reveals that most current VDR research focuses on page‑level independent‑item retrieval, with limited support for document‑level, evidence‑set, and iterative settings, and that realistic user queries and graded relevance judgments are rarely used, highlighting gaps between application needs and evaluation protocols.

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