arXiv AI By Johann Maximilian Christensen, Elena Hoemann, Frank K\"oster, Sven Hallerbach

Defining Operational Conditions for Safety-Critical AI-Based Systems from Data

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arXiv AI
Sep 3

From High-Dimensional Spaces to Verifiable ODD Coverage for Safety-Critical AI-based Systems

The paper proposes a structured method for verifying Operational Design Domain (ODD) coverage in safety‑critical AI systems, particularly for aviation. It combines parameter discretization, constraint‑based filtering, and criticality‑based dimension reduction to create a multi‑step verification process. Using simulation data from AI‑based mid‑air collision avoidance research, the authors demonstrate how this approach can meet EASA’s requirement for complete ODD coverage in high‑dimensional spaces.

By Thomas Stefani, Johann Maximilian Christensen, Elena Hoemann, Frank K\"oster, Sven Hallerbach
arXiv AI
Aug 24

Coverage-Driven Verification for Safety-by-Design in AI-Based Collision Avoidance Systems

The paper proposes a structured method for assessing the representativeness of Operational Design Domains (ODDs) in AI/ML-based aviation systems, focusing on safety assurance. It outlines a process flow from ODD definition to quantitative evaluation, recommending Kullback–Leibler divergence and Cramér’s V over chi‑squared tests for large datasets. The approach is illustrated with AI-based collision avoidance simulations, demonstrating how statistical distribution comparisons can support safety‑by‑design engineering aligned with EASA guidance.

By Thomas Stefani, Johann Maximilian Christensen, Elena Hoemann, Frank K\"oster, Sven Hallerbach
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Robust and Personalized Federated Learning for Aircraft-Engine Prognostics under Benign and Adversarial Client Heterogeneity

Federated learning (FL) enables aircraft fleet operators to jointly train remaining-useful-life (RUL) models from engine sensor telemetry without sharing raw data. This study examines two complementary challenges: benign heterogeneity, where honest operators observe different operating conditions and fault modes, and adversarial heterogeneity, where compromised operators submit poisoned updates.