arXiv AI
Sep 1

CoLa-ICD: A Knowledge-Enhanced Framework for Long-Tail Automated Medical Coding

CoLa-ICD is a knowledge‑enhanced framework designed to improve automatic medical coding of ICD codes in long, imbalanced clinical documents. It enriches ICD labels with external terms, models dependencies among related codes, and strengthens the alignment between label semantics and clinical evidence, particularly for rare codes. Experiments demonstrate that CoLa-ICD achieves state‑of‑the‑art performance in AUC, F1, and P@k, with larger gains in larger and sparser label spaces.

By Yihang Cheng, Veronica Liesaputra, Andrew Trotman
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 24

LTR-ICD: A Ranking-Aware Framework for Automatic ICD Coding

The paper introduces LTR-ICD, a ranking‑aware framework that treats automatic ICD coding as a combined classification and ranking problem rather than a pure classification task. By incorporating the order of diagnostic codes, the method improves the identification of high‑priority codes, achieving a 47% accuracy in correctly ranking primary diagnoses versus 20% for existing classifiers. The model also outperforms prior work on micro‑ and macro‑F1 scores, reaching 0.6065 and 0.2904 respectively.

By Mohammad Mansoori, Amira Soliman, Farzaneh Etminani