arXiv AI September 1, 2026 By Qi Peng, Yi Cai, Changmeng Zheng, Xin Wu, Jiayuan Xie, Qing Li

CDPR: Counterfactual Advantage-based Credit Assignment for Cost-Aware Sequential Medical Diagnosis

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arXiv AI

Jul 22

MedDDC-Eval: Diagnosis-Decoupled Evaluation of Multi-Turn Medical Consultation Agents

arXiv:2607. 18999v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-turn medical consultation agents must decide what to ask, adapt to patient responses, and determine when the collected evidence is sufficient.

By Guofeng Zhang, Yizeng Quan, Huaiyi Fang, Jianwei Lv, Jinyao Liu, Xunxu Duan, Lening An, Yu Ouyang, Junfeng Wang

agents

arXiv AI

Sep 15

Asclepius: An Adaptive Harness for Long-Horizon Clinical Agents

arXiv:2609.13543v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM agents are predominantly benchmarked on short, single-task trajectories, yet real deployments run for hours under contention, surfacing a different...

By Grace Chang Yuan, Xiaoman Zhang, Sung Eun Kim, Luyang Luo, Pranav Rajpurkar

llms agents

arXiv Machine Learning

Sep 24

PCQC: Privileged Counterfactual Question Credit for Multi-Turn Medical Dialogue

arXiv:2609.27987v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have made substantial progress on medical question-answering, yet effective medical dialogue also requires learning to ask...

By Chenxuan Li, Jiayi Wan, Xinrong Chen, Zhongyu Zhao, Xuecheng Shang, Peixing Wan

llms reinforcement-learning fine-tuning benchmarks

arXiv Machine Learning

Jun 9

SDM-Q: Cost-Aware Staged Decision-Making for Multi-Omics Classification with Deep Q-Learning

arXiv:2605. 31014v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-omics data provide complementary molecular characterizations of disease phenotypes and play an important role in disease diagnosis and subtype classification in precision medicine.

By Nan Mu, Yangfan Xiao, Ling Wang, Xiaoning Li, Yue Kang, Chen Zhao

reinforcement-learning

arXiv AI

Aug 10

ResidencyRL: Reinforcement Learning in Simulated Clinical Environments

arXiv:2608. 07418v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In medical education, physicians convert academic knowledge into clinical expertise through residency: years of training across thousands of encounters, with diverse sources of feedback and progressively greater autonomy.

By Valentin Li\'{e}vin, Samuel Schmidgall, Tim Strother, Alex Bijamov, Akshay Goel, Anil Palepu, Chunjong Park, Vahid Balazadeh, Min Woo Sun, Marius Guerard, Justin Chen, Dave Steiner, Vikram Dhillon, Ibrahim Azar, Akhil Mehta, Nicholas Spetsieris, Shilpan Shah, Maen Abdelrahim, Amit Dahiya, Yun Liu, Katherine Chou, Yossi Matias, Avinatan Hassidim, Dale R. Webster, Quoc V. Le, Raia Hadsell, Joelle Barral, Carey Radebaugh, Aleksandra Faust, Shekoofeh Azizi, Mike Schaekermann, Po-Hsuan Cameron Chen, Tao Tu, David Racz, Lin Yang

llms agents reinforcement-learning benchmarks safety

arXiv AI

Aug 3

EarlyDx: An Admission-Anchored Benchmark for Open-Ended Generation of Evidence-Supported ED-Encounter Diagnoses

arXiv:2607. 28788v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Clinical diagnosis at hospital admission must be made rapidly from limited, incomplete evidence.

By Jiahui Li, Ruili Fang, Zishuai Liu, Yutong Guo, Nan Yang, Wenzhan Song, Jin Lu, Fei Dou

llms benchmarks

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Related stories

MedDDC-Eval: Diagnosis-Decoupled Evaluation of Multi-Turn Medical Consultation Agents

Asclepius: An Adaptive Harness for Long-Horizon Clinical Agents

PCQC: Privileged Counterfactual Question Credit for Multi-Turn Medical Dialogue

SDM-Q: Cost-Aware Staged Decision-Making for Multi-Omics Classification with Deep Q-Learning

ResidencyRL: Reinforcement Learning in Simulated Clinical Environments

EarlyDx: An Admission-Anchored Benchmark for Open-Ended Generation of Evidence-Supported ED-Encounter Diagnoses