arXiv Machine Learning By Jan Kapar, Kathrin G\"unther, Lori Ann Vallis, Klaus Berger, Nadine Binder, Hermann Brenner, Stefanie Castell, Beate Fischer, Volker Harth, Bernd Holleczek, Timm Intemann, Till Ittermann, Andr\'e Karch, Thomas Keil, Lilian Krist, Berit Lange, Michael F. Leitzmann, Katharina Nimptsch, Nadia Obi, Iris Pigeot, Tobias Pischon, Tamara Schikowski, B\"orge Schmidt, Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Anja M. Sedlmair, Justine Tanoey, Harm Wienbergen, Andreas Wienke, Claudia Wigmann, Marvin N. Wright

Can synthetic data reproduce real-world findings in epidemiology? A replication study using adversarial random forests

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The study evaluates whether synthetic data can replicate real epidemiological findings using a new method called adversarial random forests (ARF). Six epidemiological analyses—covering topics such as blood pressure, myocardial infarction, and diabetes—were replicated on ARF-generated synthetic data from three large cohorts, and the results consistently matched the original studies. The authors also show that ARF outperforms other tabular synthesizers in terms of utility, privacy, generalization, and computational efficiency, especially when dimensionality and variable complexity are reduced.

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