arXiv AI By Weihong Li, Hao Jiang, Yaohua Zha, Tao Dai, Shu-Tao Xia

Beyond Pattern Matching in 3D MLLMs: Part-Level Functional Reasoning for Generalizable Recognition

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The paper introduces PFIR, a Part-level Functional Inference for Recognition framework that reverses the typical function-as-annotation flow in 3D multimodal large language models (MLLMs). By leveraging PartNeXt segmentation and a curriculum of 507K QA pairs with functional chains of thought, PFIR trains a dual-objective reinforcement learning model (GRPO) to perform strict functional reasoning and descriptive grounding. In zero‑shot tests, PFIR improves accuracy from 60.5% to 66.7%, especially on geometrically ambiguous samples, demonstrating that part‑level functional reasoning enhances generalizable 3D recognition.

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