The paper introduces PCSR-Bench, a benchmark of 84,373 question‑answer pairs derived from 2,600 omnidirectional images across 26 indoor environments, designed to evaluate perspective‑conditioned spatial reasoning (PCSR) in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). It reports a significant perception–reasoning gap, with accuracy dropping from 57.59% on limited field‑of‑view reasoning to as low as 0.64% on open‑ended compositional directional chains. An RL‑based diagnostic study on a 7B‑scale model shows that reward shaping can improve performance to 60.06% on a controlled task, indicating partial plasticity of PCSR capabilities.
arXiv:2605.12413v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show strong visual perception, yet remain limited in reasoning about space under changing viewpoints. We s...
arXiv:2607. 00491v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Benchmarks for vision-language models (VLMs) mostly test observational spatial reasoning: models describe relations already visible in the input.
arXiv:2601. 19099v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Vision--language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on many multimodal benchmarks but remain brittle on spatial reasoning tasks that require aligning abstract overhead representations with egocentric views.
arXiv:2606. 17539v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spatial VLMs have made substantial progress in geometric perception, yet complex spatial reasoning requiring multi-step inference over depth, distance, and scene relations remains challenging.
arXiv:2607. 22864v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel at visual interpretation but fail on spatial reasoning tasks that humans solve reliably.
arXiv:2606. 03988v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision language models (VLMs) excel at many tasks but still struggle with spatial reasoning when critical information is not directly observable.
StateSight is a new benchmark designed to isolate and evaluate the ability of vision‑language models to reconstruct latent spatial structure from a single image. It consists of three procedurally generated task families—cube‑net opposite‑face reasoning, occluded cube‑tower counting, and 4‑neighbor connected‑component counting—each with 300 deterministic prompts and exact‑match scoring. The benchmark also includes a companion dataset, StateSight‑Steps, with 900 image‑text examples and 3,600 intermediate visual states to aid analysis of reconstruction errors.
arXiv:2510.13394v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Spatial reasoning ability is crucial for Vision Language Models (VLMs) to support real-world applications in diverse domains including robotics, au...
arXiv:2511. 07403v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language tasks, but continue to struggle with spatial reasoning.
OVO‑S‑Bench is a fully human‑annotated benchmark designed to evaluate streaming spatial intelligence in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). It contains 1,680 questions derived from 348 source videos, each with a query timestamp and evidence interval, and tests models on four levels of abstraction: instantaneous egocentric perception, spatiotemporal context tracking, generative spatial reasoning, and allocentric spatial mapping. Across 38 MLLMs, Gemini‑3.1‑Pro scored 59.2 versus 92.2 for human experts, with allocentric spatial mapping identified as the main challenge, and the benchmark reveals that chain‑of‑thought reasoning can worsen spatial errors when not grounded in the stream.
arXiv:2606. 09669v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Spatial reasoning is a foundational capability for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to perceive and operate within the physical world.
arXiv:2606. 12830v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While recent vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong multimodal understanding, they remain limited in spatial reasoning tasks that require active evidence acquisition and multi-step visual interaction.